Envir Sci & Tech：遮光剂与子宫内膜异位之间的关系

近日，科学家报告了使用一种含有特定成分的遮光剂与被诊断出子宫内膜异位的风险增加之间的一个可能的联系。这种遮光剂成分模仿了雌性性激素雌激素的作用。子宫内膜异位是子宫组织在子宫外生长的一种痛苦的疾病。他们说发表在美国化学学会（ACS）的《环境科学与技术》（Environmental Science & Technology）杂志上的这份报告是首个审视了这样一种联系是否可能存在的研究。

Kurunthachalam Kannan及其同事解释说，某些遮光剂和其他一些个人护理产品含有二苯甲酮（BP）类的成分，它们能够非常有效地阻断来自太阳的可能有害的紫外线。少量的二苯甲酮可以穿过皮肤并被吸收到血液中，在血液中它们模仿了雌激素的效应。子宫内膜异位影响处于生殖年龄的1/10的女性，它需要雌激素才能出现。尽管存在这些事实，科学家此前尚未检查使用二苯甲酮遮光剂和被诊断出子宫内膜异位的可能性之间的联系。

为了填补这个知识空白，这组科学家分析了625位接受了子宫内膜异位外科手术的女性的尿的二苯甲酮水平。他们发现一种称为2，4OH-BP的二苯甲酮的水平高与诊断出患有子宫内膜异位的风险增加有关联。女性在夏季的月份以及在多阳光的加利福尼亚倾向于有更高水平的二苯甲酮类物质，这进一步提示了与遮光剂之间的联系。“我们的结果带来了一种推测，即暴露在升高的2，4OH-BP水平中可能与子宫内膜异位有关联，”这组科研人员说。

这组科研人员感谢来自院内研究项目，国立儿童健康和人类发育研究所和 ，美国国立卫生研究院的资助。（生物谷Bioon.com）

doi:10.1021/es300115a
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Determination of Free and Conjugated Forms of Bisphenol A in Human Urine and Serum by Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Chunyang Liao and Kurunthachalam Kannan*

Exposure of humans to bisphenol A (BPA), a widely used industrial chemical, is well-known. In humans and animals, conjugation of BPA molecule with glucuronide or sulfate is considered as a mechanism for detoxification. Nevertheless, very few studies have directly measured free, conjugated (e.g., glucuronidated), and substituted (e.g., chlorinated) forms of BPA in human specimens. In this study, free, conjugated (BPA glucuronide or BPAG and BPA disulfate or BPADS), and substituted (chlorinated BPA; mono- [BPAMC], di-[BPADC], and trichloride [BPATrC]) forms of BPA were determined in human urine and serum samples, using solid-phase extraction (SPE) and liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) techniques. The instrumental calibration for each of the target compounds ranged from 0.01 to 100 ng/mL and showed excellent linearity (r > 0.99). The limits of quantification (LOQs) were 0.01 ng/mL for free BPA and 0.05 ng/mL for the conjugated and substituted BPA. Respective recoveries of the six target compounds spiked into water blanks and sample matrices (urine and serum), and passed through the entire analytical procedure, were 96 ± 14% and 105 ± 18% (mean ± SD) for urine samples and 87 ± 8% and 80 ± 13% for serum samples. The optimal recoveries of BPAG and BPADS in the analytical procedure indicted that no deconjugation occurred during the SPE procedure. The method was applied to measure six target chemicals in urine and serum samples collected from volunteers in Albany, New York. BPA and its derivatives were found in urine samples at concentrations ranging from < LOQ to a few tens of ng/mL. In serum, free and conjugated BPA were detected at sub ng/mL concentrations, whereas BPA chlorides were not detected. The urine and serum samples were also analyzed by enzymatic deconjugation and liquid–liquid extraction (LLE) for the determination of total BPA, and the results were compared with those measured by the SPE method. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the occurrence of BPAG and BPADS in human serum.