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Science:新型CD4 T细胞亚群调节肠道炎症反应

2016-06-06 佚名 生物谷

外周调节性T细胞(pTreg)对于限制由外源物质引起的炎症反应具有重要的作用。在肠道中,pTreg主要存在于固有层(lamina propria)中,而上皮间存在的CD4 T细胞同样具有抑制炎症反应的作用。这部分CD4 T细胞依赖视黄酸(Retinoic Acid)以及转化生长因子(TGF-b)发挥功能。为了研究肠道的炎症稳态调节过程中,pTreg以及CD4细胞分别发挥了怎样的作用,来自洛克

外周调节性T细胞(pTreg)对于限制由外源物质引起的炎症反应具有重要的作用。在肠道中,pTreg主要存在于固有层(lamina propria)中,而上皮间存在的CD4 T细胞同样具有抑制炎症反应的作用。这部分CD4 T细胞依赖视黄酸(Retinoic Acid)以及转化生长因子(TGF-b)发挥功能。为了研究肠道的炎症稳态调节过程中,pTreg以及CD4细胞分别发挥了怎样的作用,来自洛克菲勒大学的Daniel MucidaBernardo S. Reis课题组进行了深入研究,相关结果发表在最近的Science杂志上。

首先,作者利用双光子显微镜对小鼠肠道内的Treg细胞进行了动态追踪。结果显示,大部分Treg细胞分布于固有层(68%)以及肠道上皮层(14%)。剩下的18%Treg细胞虽然一直处于迁移的状态,但它们进入固有层的频率明显高于肠道上皮层。由于体外实验显示Treg在肠道上皮中的含量一直很低,这说明Treg细胞要么发生了凋亡,要么转变成其它类型的细胞。

虽然所有的Treg细胞都表达转录因子ThPOK,但小肠上皮层中的CD4T细胞中ThPOK的表达量却很低。 作者怀疑ThPOK的下调与CD4 T细胞的动态变化之间存在联系。它们利用OT-II小鼠进行试验,通过向这类小鼠进行OVA刺激,能够诱导其体内的T细胞下调ThPOK的表达。作者向全身性表达RFPOT-II小鼠体内转入ThPOK-GFP融合蛋白,再分选出天然的T细胞(RFP/GFP双阳性)打入Rag 1 ko小鼠体内,经过一周饲喂含有OVA的饲料后,作者追踪了这部分细胞并通过计算机进行了后续分析。结果显示,在经过OVA刺激后,打入的T细胞ThPOK的表达量明显下降。在那些ThPOK表达量仍较高的细胞群体中,仅有20%停留在小肠上皮层中。这说明在这一环境中,部分的T细胞要么下调了ThPOK的表达,要么发生了凋亡。

进一步,作者发现在小肠上皮中有相当一部分的Treg细胞FoxP3的表达量发生了明显的下调,它们转变为一种特殊的CD4 T细胞类型。

之后,作者发现这部分CD4 T细胞的数量在无菌小鼠中发生了明显的减少(约10倍)。通过抗生素处理,作者发现这一处理能够抑制TregFoxP3的下调,从而提高小肠上皮层中Treg细胞的数量。而ThPOK对于促进TregCD4 细胞的转化具有关键的作用。作者通过条件性敲除小鼠中的Treg细胞中的T-bet,发现这一转化效应出现了明显的降低,这说明Tet有可能通过下调ThPOK起到转变Treg表型的作用。

最终,作者证明了这部分特殊的上皮内的CD4 T细胞与组织适应性Treg细胞通过调节了肠道的炎症反应。

原始出处:

Sujino T, London M, Hoytema van Konijnenburg DP, Rendon T, Buch T, Silva HM, Lafaille JJ, Reis BS, Mucida D. Tissue adaptation of regulatory and intraepithelial CD4+ T cells controls gut inflammation. Science. 2016 Jun 2. pii: aaf3892.

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    2016-11-25 qidongfanjian
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    2016-06-08 jichang
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    2016-06-07 milkshark

    science精品啊

    0

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    2016-06-07 milkshark

    值得研究

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