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2016 高血压合理用药指南解读—药物治疗篇

2016-02-29 中国医学前沿杂志(电子版).2016,8(2):2-5.

对应指南:高血压合理用药指南 国家卫生计生委合理用药专家委员会; 中国医师协会高血压专业委员会 20 世纪50 年代以来世界范围内以心脑血管并发症为主要研究目标的关于降压药物治疗的随机、对照临床试验为高血压的治疗与管理奠定了理论基础。总体来讲,降低血压是降压药物减少心脑血管并发症的最主要原因。在对多个不同种类的药物进行对比的临床试验中,主要探讨新型降压药物如钙通道阻滞剂(CCB)、血管紧张

中文标题:

2016 高血压合理用药指南解读—药物治疗篇

发布机构:

发布日期:

2016-02-29

简要介绍:

对应指南:高血压合理用药指南
国家卫生计生委合理用药专家委员会; 中国医师协会高血压专业委员会

20 世纪50 年代以来世界范围内以心脑血管并发症为主要研究目标的关于降压药物治疗的随机、对照临床试验为高血压的治疗与管理奠定了理论基础。总体来讲,降低血压是降压药物减少心脑血管并发症的最主要原因。在对多个不同种类的药物进行对比的临床试验中,主要探讨新型降压药物如钙通道阻滞剂(CCB)、血管紧张素转化酶抑制剂(ACEI)、血管紧张素Ⅱ受体拮抗剂(ARB)等与传统降压药物如噻嗪类利尿剂、β 受体阻滞剂相比,是否能够更有效地预防心脑血管并发症,临床研究结果显示药物之间的差异总体较小,但就特定并发症而言仍有差异。

CCB作为抗高血压治疗药物已用于临床多年,其卓越的降压疗效、广泛的联合降压潜能、优越的心脑血管保护作用使其在目前抗高血压治疗、降低心脑血管疾病发病率及死亡率方面占有重要地位。

CCB主要通过阻断血管平滑肌细胞上的钙离子通道,发挥扩张血管、降低血压的作用。CCB降压疗效强,药效呈剂量依赖性,可作为一线降压药物用于各年龄段、各种类型的高血压患者,疗效个体差异较小。值得指出的是,CCB的降压作用与高血压患者的基线血压水平呈显著正相关。基线血压水平越高,CCB 的降压作用越强。2008年IMS(intercontinental marketing services)调查报告显示 ,东亚地区的高血压患者中,约 40% 以上的患者服用二氢吡啶类 CCB 或以二氢吡啶类CCB为基础的联合降压治疗方案控制血压,同时CCB也是在东亚地区拥有循证证据最多的一类降压药物。

中国既往完成的较大样本的降压治疗临床试验中多以二氢吡啶类 CCB 为研究用药,并证实以二氢吡啶类 CCB 为基础的降压治疗方案可显著降低高血压患者脑卒中发生风险。脑卒中是我国高血压患者的主要并发症,Syst-China试验、STONE 试验和 FEVER 试验中分别有 38%、58% 和 27% 的高血压患者合并脑卒中,与其他种类降压药物相比,CCB更能有效预防脑卒中发生,因而对于我国心血管并发症的预防意义更大。

CCB类降压药物更适用于容量性高血压,如老年高血压、单纯收缩期高血压及低肾素活性或低交感活性的高血压,而这些药理学特点更符合我国老年高血压患者的病理生理特点。大量临床循证研究及临床实践证实,CCB降压作用不受高盐饮食影响,尤其适用于生活中习惯高盐摄入及盐敏感性高血压患者。CCB通过影响 Ca2+生理活动而影响动脉粥样硬化的多个环节,多项大型临床研究均证实,CCB在临床抗高血压的同时能够延缓动脉血管壁上的动脉粥样硬化病变进展,因此国内外多部高血压指南均确定CCB为合并动脉粥样硬化的高血压患者首选降压药物,如高血压合并稳定型心绞痛、颈动脉粥样硬化、冠状动脉粥样硬化及周围血管病。CCB类药物对代谢无不良影响,适用于糖尿病与代谢综合征患者。

拓展指南:合理用药相关指南:

作者:北京大学人民医院心脏中心 陈源源                 

相关资料下载:
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    2022-01-18 1e129e46m43(暂无匿称)

    辅助学习的好材料

    0

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    2017-05-31 红马柳叶刀

    CCB用药中的不良反应如何应对了

    0

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    2016-11-21 PYN

    谢谢分享!

    0

  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1185603, encodeId=aac8118560305, content=辅助学习的好材料, beContent=null, objectType=guider, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=72, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=01af1957237, createdName=1e129e46m43(暂无匿称), createdTime=Tue Jan 18 13:21:29 CST 2022, time=2022-01-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=204618, encodeId=2208204618dc, content=CCB用药中的不良反应如何应对了, beContent=null, objectType=guider, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=113, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=3d271738201, createdName=红马柳叶刀, createdTime=Wed May 31 06:02:05 CST 2017, time=2017-05-31, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=157340, encodeId=1bcf15e34090, content=谢谢分享!, beContent=null, objectType=guider, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=147, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=3e0e1947845, createdName=PYN, createdTime=Mon Nov 21 23:11:56 CST 2016, time=2016-11-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=149944, encodeId=affc149944c5, content=学习到了很多,受益匪浅, beContent=null, objectType=guider, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=132, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160717/IMG578BA7C21F5227685.jpg, createdBy=70421925809, createdName=1e0ba702m86(暂无匿称), createdTime=Thu Oct 20 13:27:01 CST 2016, time=2016-10-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=148917, encodeId=4c6b14891e56, content=学习了,谢谢!, beContent=null, objectType=guider, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=110, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=e3f21649461, createdName=1ddc3cc3m12(暂无匿称), createdTime=Mon Oct 17 07:02:55 CST 2016, time=2016-10-17, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-10-20 1e0ba702m86(暂无匿称)

    学习到了很多,受益匪浅

    0

  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1185603, encodeId=aac8118560305, content=辅助学习的好材料, beContent=null, objectType=guider, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=72, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=01af1957237, createdName=1e129e46m43(暂无匿称), createdTime=Tue Jan 18 13:21:29 CST 2022, time=2022-01-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=204618, encodeId=2208204618dc, content=CCB用药中的不良反应如何应对了, beContent=null, objectType=guider, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=113, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=3d271738201, createdName=红马柳叶刀, createdTime=Wed May 31 06:02:05 CST 2017, time=2017-05-31, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=157340, encodeId=1bcf15e34090, content=谢谢分享!, beContent=null, objectType=guider, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=147, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=3e0e1947845, createdName=PYN, createdTime=Mon Nov 21 23:11:56 CST 2016, time=2016-11-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=149944, encodeId=affc149944c5, content=学习到了很多,受益匪浅, beContent=null, objectType=guider, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=132, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160717/IMG578BA7C21F5227685.jpg, createdBy=70421925809, createdName=1e0ba702m86(暂无匿称), createdTime=Thu Oct 20 13:27:01 CST 2016, time=2016-10-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=148917, encodeId=4c6b14891e56, content=学习了,谢谢!, beContent=null, objectType=guider, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=110, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=e3f21649461, createdName=1ddc3cc3m12(暂无匿称), createdTime=Mon Oct 17 07:02:55 CST 2016, time=2016-10-17, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-10-17 1ddc3cc3m12(暂无匿称)

    学习了,谢谢!

    0

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