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ASCRS 2013:结直肠癌孤立性肝转移患者直接切除原发灶或促进转移灶生长

2013-06-06 ASCRS dxy

一项回顾性队列研究结果显示,对结直肠癌(CRC)孤立性肝转移患者行标准治疗方案——直接切除原发肿瘤灶或引起转移灶生长。 伦敦皇家马斯登医院的Alistair Slesser医生领导的研究组对诊断癌症后1年内发现肝转移而无其他部位转移的114例孤立性同步肝转移结直肠癌患者进行了研究。他在美国结直肠外科医师协会(ASCRS)2013年会上报道说,研究结果显示,与接受初始化疗的患者相比,接受结直肠原发

一项回顾性队列研究结果显示,对结直肠癌(CRC)孤立性肝转移患者行标准治疗方案——直接切除原发肿瘤灶或引起转移灶生长。

伦敦皇家马斯登医院的Alistair Slesser医生领导的研究组对诊断癌症后1年内发现肝转移而无其他部位转移的114例孤立性同步肝转移结直肠癌患者进行了研究。他在美国结直肠外科医师协会(ASCRS)2013年会上报道说,研究结果显示,与接受初始化疗的患者相比,接受结直肠原发肿瘤切除初始治疗的患者在3个月时发生肝转移进展的几率几乎是前者的9倍。尽管两组患者的肝转移均在治疗后3~6个月期间好转,但切除原发肿瘤组患者的好转速度较慢。

Slesser 医生评论道,“我们的结果提示,直接切除原发肿瘤实际上是一个不良预后因素,或许会抵消辅助治疗对肝转移的疗效。他说,“它怎样应用于临床呢?我们可以推荐孤立性转移患者转而首先接受新辅助化疗而不是原发灶直接切除,或者考虑采用另一种手术方案,比如对原发病灶和转移灶同时予以切除。”他补充道,“对于疑似肝转移的患者,我们推荐患者接受彻底检查以明确是否有转移,然后推荐其接受化疗然后才是其他的干预。”Slesser医生表示,切除原发肿瘤导致肝转移灶更快生长的机制尚不清楚。“这可能与生物学因素有关,也可能是由于直接切除原发肿瘤的患者会推迟化疗,这可能导致了我们所观察到的进展。”

俄克拉荷马大学的Gary Dunn医生在会场上提问,直接切除原发肿瘤与辅助化疗的复发间隔时间是多少,以及评估的变量有哪些。他强调“它可能会显著影响结局,如果一些患者在术后6周开始治疗,而另一些患者则在12周开始治疗的话。”

Slesser医生答复称:“通常情况下,患者会在术后至少等待6周再接受化疗。接受原发肿瘤切除的患者多数在术后3个月术后扫描后才启动辅助化疗。”Dunn医生还询问了两组在化疗方案及药物使用方面的可比性。Slesser医生介绍:“在皇家马斯登医院,采用的化疗方案保持了相当程度的一致性。通常所有患者都会接受卡培他滨(希罗达)和奥沙利铂,并添加1种单克隆抗体药物,如贝伐珠单抗(阿瓦斯汀)。当他们接受新辅助化疗时倾向于选择上述药物。”

另一名参会者说:“好棒的研究,数据非常有价值,特别是考虑到一些回顾性研究显示直接切除是一种良好预后因子,而且我本人也相信这一点。我非常想看到此后应对患者如何治疗。是接受手术,还是姑息治疗?他们会有症状吗?”另一名与会者,坦帕Moffitt癌症中心的David Shibata医生评论道:“接受原发肿瘤切除者的肝肿瘤转移灶生长更快并不完全令人意外,但在这种临床情境中有一个关键问题是,在这些患者中有多少人的肝转移灶变得无法予以切除。”

Slesser医生说,“大约有60%的患者最终接受了肝切除术,”并且强调这仅仅在短时间框架内发生的。“我们也得出了进一步结果,即将发表生存率方面的数据。不过这项研究的真实目的是评价疾病的初始放射学进展,原因是我们猜测原发肿瘤切除可能引起了转移灶体积突然增大。”

会议的一名主持人,加拿大蒙特利尔市麦克吉尔大学的Marylise Boutros医生在接受采访时表示:“初始接受化疗的患者肝脏转归更佳,这一点对临床医生来说意义重大。对于已发生转移的患者而言,直接予以化疗是应对其全身性疾病的最优选择,有助于最大程度降低患者的疾病负荷。

她补充道:“但很显然,这是一项规模太小的研究,其结果还需要在更大的样本中开展前瞻性研究以获得更有说服力的数据来验证。”Slesser医生这样介绍了研究背景:“孤立性转移患者的手术治疗的主要流程是顺序切除,即直接切除原发肿瘤,序贯辅助化疗,如有可能则予以肝切除术。而对于广泛性转移患者,一般倾向于先给予新辅助化疗,再实施手术干预。”

他和他的同事对2005~2010年间在皇家马斯登医院接受治疗的孤立性同步结直肠癌肝转移患者进行了研究,这些患者均在入组基线、3个月和6个月时接受影像学检查。受试者的平均年龄为64岁,男女比例约为2:1。51%的患者接受了原发肿瘤切除,其余49%的患者则接受了新辅助化疗。

Slesser医生说,单变量分析显示,当把3个月时肝转移进展定义为累计直径增加不低于20%时,与其关联最强的因素即原发肿瘤切除。多重变量分析则显示,与新辅助化疗组患者相比,原发肿瘤切除组患者发生肝转移进展的风险显著增加[比值比(OR),9.0;P=0.001]。

此外,在基线至6个月期间的转移负担方面,原发肿瘤切除组呈增加趋势(从40 mm增至51 mm,P=0.19),而新辅助化疗组则显著下降(从96 mm降至52 mm,P=0.001)。Slesser医生说,总之,93%的原发肿瘤切除组患者接受了术后辅助化疗。

与基线时至3个月区间相比,3~6个月区间原发肿瘤切除组患者的肝转移灶开始退缩,生长速度由4.0 mm/月降至-3.0 mm/月(P<0.001),反映出辅助化疗的效果。新辅助化疗组患者的肝转移灶则持续退缩,生长速度的下降幅度变小,由–5.6 mm/月变为–4.0 mm/月(P=0.003)。

Slesser医生报告称无相关利益冲突。

Primary tumor resection is linked to growth of CRC liver metastases
PHOENIX – The standard sequential approach to treatment of patients with isolated synchronous liver metastases of colorectal cancer, entailing up-front removal of the primary tumor, is associated with growth of the metastases, according to results from a retrospective cohort study.
A team led by Dr. Alistair Slesser, a surgical registrar at the Royal Marsden Hospital in London, studied 114 patients with colorectal cancer who had synchronous liver metastases, meaning ones identified within a year of the cancer diagnosis, and no other metastases...

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    2013-06-08 jxrzshh
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    2013-06-08 cathymary
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