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JNS:保守治疗早期是腰椎间盘突出症恢复的关键期

2013-11-19 佚名 丁香园

腰椎间盘突出症经确诊后及时正规有效的治疗是很关键的,治疗方法包括保守治疗与手术治疗方法。手术治疗可破坏椎体及关节韧带等的结构导致脊柱稳定性下降,易造成腰椎间盘突出术后再突出,并且手术医疗费用昂贵。 有资料表明手术治疗仅短期疗效优于保守治疗,而长期疗效与保守治疗并无差异性,加之手术本身存在危险性,所以目前腰椎间盘突出症的基本治疗仍以保守治疗为主。 80%~90%的

腰椎间盘突出症经确诊后及时正规有效的治疗是很关键的,治疗方法包括保守治疗与手术治疗方法。手术治疗可破坏椎体及关节韧带等的结构导致脊柱稳定性下降,易造成腰椎间盘突出术后再突出,并且手术医疗费用昂贵。

有资料表明手术治疗仅短期疗效优于保守治疗,而长期疗效与保守治疗并无差异性,加之手术本身存在危险性,所以目前腰椎间盘突出症的基本治疗仍以保守治疗为主。

80%~90%的病人可经非手术方法治疗而愈,此方法对于患者而言最为安全,治疗费用也较为低廉且疗效较佳。 因此在临床治疗中,如无紧急手术指征(如典型马尾综合征或进行性神经功能障碍),腰椎间盘突出症宜首选保守治疗。

然而许多患者特别是中度症状的患者常常面临这样的困境:他们不愿意手术,但也不愿意接受无限期的保守治疗,是否应该继续坚持保守治疗还是转为手术治疗,缺乏客观的界定指标。

为了更好的解决这一问题,荷兰学者Matthew C. Cowperthwaite等进行了一项前瞻性队列研究,该研究结果已在近期的J Neurosurg Spine杂志上发表。 【原文下载】

在该研究中,研究者选取93例腰椎间盘突出症患者作为研究对象,所有患者均不采用手术治疗而采用一种长期保守治疗方案进行治疗。分别在基线、第2、4、6、8、12、26、38、52周对患者进行欧洲五维(EuroQol Group–5 Dimension,EQ-5D)健康量表评分。

采用Gaussian kernel densities对每个时间点效度评分的分布进行估计。采用逻辑回归分析与多状态Markov模型对各时间点患者的改善程度进行描述,采用Fisher精确检验比较EQ-5D各领域评分的分布。

该研究结果显示,第1年时患者的效度评分呈现为双峰,可以将患者有效地分为高效度组(EQ-5D = 1)与低效度组(EQ-5D ≤ 0.86),其中高效度组患者占43%,低效度患者占57%。

Fisher精确检验结果显示,高效度组与低效度组两组患者之间的疼痛/不适、运动、日常活动等评价指标均存在显著性差异。 患者的效度评分差异在术后第8周就已经开始出现,并一直存在整个治疗周期中。使用第8周的效度评分并带入回归模型中预测患者1年时的临床结果,准确度为62%。

该研究第6个月、第1年时患者EQ-5D效度的分布结果表明,绝大部分的EQ-5D效度恢复是在治疗的早期,且患者最初的改善程度对于患者获得良好的长期疗效至关重要,即最初的恢复程度不显著的患者在接受相同治疗方案的后期也很难出现明显的恢复。

原文出处:

Cowperthwaite MC, van den Hout WB, Webb KM.The impact of early recovery on long-term outcomes in a cohort of patients undergoing prolonged nonoperative treatment for lumbar disc herniation: clinical article.J Neurosurg Spine. 2013 Sep;19(3):301-6. doi: 10.3171/2013.5.SPINE12992. 【原文下载】

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