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吗丁啉事件得到官方回应:说明书立即修改

2016-09-25 袁端端 健言

最近,关于多潘立酮片在国外被禁的新闻被多方报道后,中国的药品最高监管部门终于下达了修改限量令。一个月前,南方周末刊发标题为《吗丁啉,真的灵?美国禁用,欧盟警示,中国成明星药》的深度报道,呼吁有关部门关注该药品的安全信息,引发社会广泛讨论。“国家反应很快。”长期关注药物安全的一位医生称赞。2016年9月14日,国家食药总局网站上发布了一条公告:总局关于修订多潘立酮制剂说明书的公告(2016年第152

最近,关于多潘立酮片在国外被禁的新闻被多方报道后,中国的药品最高监管部门终于下达了修改限量令。一个月前,南方周末刊发标题为《吗丁啉,真的灵?美国禁用,欧盟警示,中国成明星药》的深度报道,呼吁有关部门关注该药品的安全信息,引发社会广泛讨论。

“国家反应很快。”长期关注药物安全的一位医生称赞。2016年9月14日,国家食药总局网站上发布了一条公告:

总局关于修订多潘立酮制剂说明书的公告(2016年第152号),对多潘立酮制剂(包括马来酸多潘立酮制剂)非处方药和处方药说明书的【不良反应】、【禁忌】、【注意事项】、【用法用量】等项进行修订,并要求各企业在11月15日之前进行更改说明书的备案。



而在备案后6个月,所有已出厂的药品说明书都需要更换新说明书及标签。

南方周末记者发现,新的修改和提醒主要是参考了加拿大、欧盟的警示内容。在北美和欧盟等地区,监管部门曾多次强调它的严重不良反应,包括心律失常、心脏骤停、猝死。在美国,该药更被禁止上市。2014年,在发生服用吗丁啉药物猝死事件后,欧洲药品管理局(EMA)亦对多潘立酮重新评估,确认它可能引起心律失常甚至心肌梗死,对心脏可造成危及生命的风险。

“各多潘立酮制剂生产企业应当对新增不良反应发生机制开展深入研究,采取有效措施做好多潘立酮制剂的使用和安全性问题的宣传和培训,指导医生合理用药。”食药总局公告写道。

记者看到,最重要的修改是关于用药量和疗程。新说明改为:成人一日3次,每次10mg,每日不得超过40mg。用药三天,症状未缓解,则需要咨询医师或药师。药物常规使用时间不得超过一周。而在之前,吗丁啉说明书上的推荐疗程是“在没有咨询医师的情况下,不得超过14天”。

说明书还删除了“2.建议儿童使用多潘立酮混悬液。”这意味着,多潘立酮混悬液将不再适用于儿童。

而在不良反应上,修改说明书增加了和心脏疾病相关的风险提示,指明,“有报道日剂量超过30毫克和/或伴有心脏病患者、接受化疗的肿瘤患者、电解质紊乱等严重器质性疾病的患者、年龄大于60岁的患者中,发生严重室性心律失常甚至心源性猝死的风险可能升高。”

修订版本还增加了“中重度肝功能不全的患者禁用”的警示。

但对于专家和欧美普遍关注的适应症范围,以及处方药非处方属性,公告显示未做更改。

此前,2016年8月,南方周末在采访吗丁啉的生产厂商强生公司旗下的西安杨森时,得到的回复是,“吗丁啉在全球拥有超过37年的安全性(药物警戒)数据,全世界约有超过14亿人次使用过吗丁啉。”并认为他们目前在中国说明书的内容和推荐使用量并无问题。

附:食药总局关于多潘立酮制剂非处方药说明书修订要求

一、【不良反应】:“3.有研究提出日剂量超过30毫克以及年龄大于60岁的患者中,发生严重室性心率失常或心源性猝死的风险可能升高。”修改为:“3.有报道日剂量超过30毫克和/或伴有心脏病患者、接受化疗的肿瘤患者、电解质紊乱等严重器质性疾病的患者、年龄大于60岁的患者中,发生严重室性心律失常甚至心源性猝死的风险可能升高。”

二、【禁忌】:

(一)“1.机械性梗阻、胃肠道出血、胃肠道穿孔患者禁用。”修改为“1.机械性消化道梗阻,消化道出血、穿孔患者禁用。”

(二)“3.禁止与酮康唑口服制剂合用。”修改为“3.禁止与酮康唑口服制剂、红霉素或其他可能会延长QTc间期的CYP3A4酶强效抑制剂(例如:氟康唑、伏立康唑、克拉霉素、胺碘酮、泰利霉素)合用。”

(三)增加“4.中重度肝功能不全的患者禁用。”

三、【注意事项】:

(一)增加“1.本品用药3天,症状未缓解,请咨询医师或药师。药物使用时间一般不得超过1周。”

(二)删除“2.建议儿童使用多潘立酮混悬液。”

(三)“3.由于多潘立酮主要在肝脏代谢,故肝功能损害的患者慎用。”修改为“5.由于多潘立酮主要在肝脏代谢,故肝生化指标异常的患者慎用。”

(四)“5.心脏病患者(如心律失常、充血性心衰等)以及接受化疗的肿瘤患者、电解质明显紊乱的患者应用时需慎重,有可能加重心律紊乱。”修改为“2.心脏病患者、接受化疗的肿瘤患者、电解质紊乱的患者应用时需慎重,有可能加重心律紊乱。”

(五)增加“3.剧烈呕吐、急性腹痛患者应到医院就诊。”

(六)“6.老年患者应在医师指导下使用。”修改为“6.60岁以上的老年患者应在医师指导下使用。”

(七)其他项目编号顺延。

四、【药物相互作用】:

(一)“3.抗酸药和抑制胃酸分泌的药物可降低本品的生物利用度,不宜与本品同服。”修改为“3.抗酸药和抑制胃酸分泌的药物与本品同时使用可降低本品的生物利用度,建议间隔使用。”

(二)增加“5.与钙拮抗剂(如:地尔硫卓和维拉帕米)和阿瑞吡坦合用会导致多潘立酮的血药浓度升高。”

(三)其他项目编号顺延。

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    2016-10-02 vcochan

    儿童不能用了

    0

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    2016-09-27 1e0b9de5m54(暂无匿称)

    不作为

    0

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    2016-09-25 187清风

    继续关注

    0

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    2016-09-25 lyh994

    学习,进步

    0

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