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Phytomedicine :滋肾丸方可减轻糖尿病相关认知功能障碍

2022-03-08 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

从外周骨骼肌和脑通讯的角度,探讨滋肾丸方对糖尿病性认知障碍(DCI)小鼠认知功能的影响及其机制,为临床预防和治疗DCI提供新的策略和处方。

背景:糖尿病性认知障碍(DCI)在糖尿病患者中普遍存在,但其潜在机制尚不清楚,也没有较好的治疗药物。骨骼肌是糖尿病的重要病理器官。越来越多的证据表明,骨骼肌和大脑的交流对认知有重要作用,而犬尿氨酸(KYN)代谢是其中的一种媒介。大脑中大约80%的KYN在生理条件下来源于外周血,鉴于犬尿喹啉酸【KYNA,由犬尿氨酸转氨酶(KATs)催化】不穿越血脑屏障,循环血液中KYN转化为KYNA可能是预防和治疗DCI的关键策略。有研究表明,运动通过激活PGC-1α-PPARα通路,刺激骨骼肌中KATs的表达,并在循环血液中将KYN转化为KYNA,从而改善认知功能。因此,糖尿病患者PGC-1α-KYN通路的失调可能是认知障碍的另一个关键危险因素。

     在祖国医学中,DCI的主要发病机制为“毒伤脑络”和“肾精亏虚”,而“清热解毒”和“补肾保精”是主要的治则。通关丸(TGW)载于元代李东垣的《兰室秘藏》,又称滋肾丸(ZSW)或滋肾通关丸,由知母、黄柏、桂皮组成,常用于治疗良性前列腺增生和前列腺炎。为了寻找治疗DCI疗效良好的新方剂,在中医基础理论的指导下,根据DCI肾精亏虚的发病机制,以肉苁蓉代替桂皮,对该方进行了优化,增强了补肾作用。同时,将其命名为滋肾丸方(ZSWF),进一步强调该方是经典方ZSW的优化方。初步结果发现,新方(ZSWF)与肉苁蓉配伍对DCI有很好的治疗效果,而原方(TGW)则没有。此外,考虑到认知功能障碍的治疗是一个漫长的过程,且知母、黄柏属寒性药物,故配伍温性的肉苁蓉,以中和其对胃肠道的损害。现代药理学研究也表明,这些中药不仅具有显著的神经保护作用,还能改善肌肉功能。

目的:从外周骨骼肌和脑通讯的角度,探讨ZSWF对DCI小鼠认知功能的影响及其机制,为临床预防和治疗DCI提供新的策略和处方。

方法:采用腹腔注射链脲佐菌素(STZ)联合高脂饮食诱导DCI,不同剂量的ZSWF提取物灌胃8周,每日1次。评估认知功能(水迷宫实验)和骨骼肌功能(握力试验、肌肉重量、HE染色四头肌横断面),测量突触可塑性(突触蛋白突触素SYN、突触后密度蛋白PSD-95在DCI小鼠海马中的表达)和l型氨基酸转运蛋白(LAT1)。检测海马、外周血和骨骼肌中KYN及其代谢物和代谢酶。测定骨骼肌过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体-γ共激活因子1α (PGC-1α)和过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体α (PPARα)。

结果:与健康小鼠相比,DCI小鼠出现认知功能下降和骨骼肌功能异常,并有脑、循环血、骨骼肌中KYN代谢失衡。ZSWF给药8周后,DCI小鼠的认知功能、突触可塑性和骨骼肌功能明显减弱。此外,ZSWF显著降低了DCI小鼠脑、循环和骨骼肌中KYN的代谢。ZSWF激活DCI小鼠骨骼肌PGC1α-PPARα。

结论:上述结果表明,骨骼肌PGC1α-PPARα信号异常介导的KYN代谢紊乱是DCI的病理机制之一,ZSWF可通过激活骨骼肌PGC1α-PPARα信号,增加了骨骼肌KATs的表达,维持KYN代谢稳态,最终提高突触可塑性,提高认知能力。这为ZSWF临床治疗DCI提供一定的理论支持。

 

文献来源:

Yin Q, Zhang L, Han X, et al. Zi Shen Wan Fang regulates kynurenine metabolism to alleviate diabetes-associated cognitive impairment via activating the skeletal muscle PGC1α-PPARα signaling [published online ahead of print, 2022 Feb 22]. Phytomedicine. 2022;99:154000. doi:10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154000

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    2022-06-20 kalseyzl
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    2022-09-15 jeanqiuqiu
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    2022-03-12 4nfu

    中药治疗

    0

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