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J immunol:CD200R信号调节肿瘤特异性T细胞免疫反应

2016-07-08 生物谷Bioon.com 生物谷Bioon.com

  2016年7月8日 讯 /生物谷BIOON/ --肿瘤相关的炎症与免疫反应是肿瘤微环境中调节肿瘤生长,发育以及恶化的关键因子。肿瘤相关的髓系细胞(TAMC)对其的血管生成、扩散以及T细胞反应等具有重要的影响。因此,找到调控TAMC的关键信号通路对于开发癌症的免疫疗法是十分有意义的。此前研究发现,CD200-CD200R的相互作用可能对于肿瘤的生长与恶化有一定的作用。 CD2

 

2016年7月8日 讯 /生物谷BIOON/ --肿瘤相关的炎症与免疫反应是肿瘤微环境中调节肿瘤生长,发育以及恶化的关键因子。肿瘤相关的髓系细胞(TAMC)对其的血管生成、扩散以及T细胞反应等具有重要的影响。因此,找到调控TAMC的关键信号通路对于开发癌症的免疫疗法是十分有意义的。此前研究发现,CD200-CD200R的相互作用可能对于肿瘤的生长与恶化有一定的作用。

CD200(OX-2)是IG超家族的一员,它含有两个胞外Ig结构域以及一个作用不明的胞内段基序。CD200在大量细胞表面均有表达,包括B细胞以及激活后的T细胞。CD200R,即CD200的受体,也是Ig超家族的一员,它主要表达于中性粒细胞,巨噬细胞以及杆状细胞。体外实验表明,CD200R的激活能够抑制髓系细胞的活性。与大多数Ig超家族成员不同,CD200R缺少ITIM结构域,但其拥有一个67aa的胞内段,其中含有三个酪氨酸残基。在被CD200R激活之后,第三个酪氨酸将会被磷酸化,之后将会引发胞内DOK-1与DOK-2的聚集与磷酸化。两者随后与RasGAP以及SHIP结合。在巨噬细胞与杆状细胞中,这一反应能够抑制ERK、JNK以及P38的磷酸化。小鼠试验表明,CD200R在巨噬细胞中的激活能够抑制自体免疫反应。这些结果说明CD200-CD200R信号参与抑制了髓系细胞的功能。
 
CD200在多种癌症细胞中也有表达,包括黑色素瘤。一般认为CD200具有促肿瘤化的效应。然而,这以结论是基于同种异体的模型试验得出的。此前研究利用同源的小鼠肿瘤模型,发现CD200可能能够抑制肿瘤的生长以及恶化。为了进一步研究CD200R信号在肿瘤发生中的作用,来自俄亥俄州立大学的Xue-Feng Bai课题组进行了深入研究,相关结果发表在最近一期的《Journal of Immunology》杂志上。
 
首先,作者将正常的B16黑色素瘤细胞与过表达CD200的B16细胞移植入B6小鼠体内,经过检测,发现过表达CD200能够明显抑制肿瘤的生长。之后,作者对不同的肿瘤组织进行分析,发现CD200过表达的肿瘤组织中含有更高水平的CD4与CD8 T细胞。进一步分析后,作者发现这部分浸润的CD4 T细胞主要成分为Treg细胞以及Th1细胞;另外,在CD200阳性的肿瘤中CD8 T细胞的比例也有明显升高。因此,CD200的表达的确能够影响肿瘤相关T细胞的反应。
 
进一步,为了证明CD200抑制肿瘤生长的效应是源于CD200R信号通路,作者构建了CD200R缺失突变的小鼠。通过肿瘤移植的试验,作者发现在CD200R缺失突变的小鼠中CD200阳性的肿瘤生长速率明显提高,而CD200阴性的肿瘤在两种小鼠中的生长速率基本一致。之后,作者发现在CD200R缺失突变体小鼠中,髓系细胞的增殖以及肿瘤的血管生成反应都明显增强。另外,CD200R的缺失也能够导致CD200阳性肿瘤组织中T细胞反应水平的下降。
 
综上,作者证明了CD200通过调节CD200R信号通路能够起到促进肿瘤特异性T细胞免疫反应的作用。

原始出处:
 
Jin-Qing Liu, Fatemeh Talebian, Lisha Wu, Zhihao Liu, Ming-Song Li, Laichu Wu, Jianmin Zhu, Joseph Markowitz, William E. Carson III, Sujit Basu and Xue-Feng Bai.
A Critical Role for CD200R Signaling in Limiting the Growth and Metastasis of CD200+ Melanoma.doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.1600052

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    2016-07-20 aliceclz
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在一项新的研究中,来自瑞典卡罗琳斯卡研究所和皇家理工学院等机构的研究人员开发出一种新的被称作空间转录组学(spatial transcriptomics)的高分辨率方法研究一种组织中哪些基因是有活性的。这种方法能够被用于所有类型的组织中,而且在临床前研究和癌症诊断中是有价值的。相关研究结果发表在2016年7月1日那期Science期刊上,论文标题为“Visualization and ana

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