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分子分型时代,膀胱癌和乳腺癌竟然是一种疾病?

2016-03-26 Emilyju编译 肿瘤资讯

随着人类基因组的面纱逐渐被揭开,分子和基因逐渐取代细胞和组织成为癌症具体分型的依据。最近,北卡罗来纳大学教堂山分校的研究人员在JCI Insight杂志上发表的一项研究结果表明,膀胱癌的一种新亚型与某些类型乳腺癌的分子特征类似。 膀胱癌占美国所有新发癌症的5%左右,是男性第四大常见肿瘤,在女性中则发病率较低。预计在2016年,将有76960名美国人发现自己患上膀胱癌,大约16390名患者

随着人类基因组的面纱逐渐被揭开,分子和基因逐渐取代细胞和组织成为癌症具体分型的依据。最近,北卡罗来纳大学教堂山分校的研究人员在JCI Insight杂志上发表的一项研究结果表明,膀胱癌的一种新亚型与某些类型乳腺癌的分子特征类似。

膀胱癌占美国所有新发癌症的5%左右,是男性第四大常见肿瘤,在女性中则发病率较低。预计在2016年,将有76960名美国人发现自己患上膀胱癌,大约16390名患者将死于此病。

膀胱壁共有四层,由内而外为:浆膜层、肌肉层、粘膜下层和粘膜层。几乎所有的膀胱癌均是从最内层——粘膜层起始的。紧靠粘膜层的是一薄层结缔组织、血管和神经,然后是厚厚的肌层,最外层是脂肪结缔组织组成的浆膜层,将膀胱与附近其他器官分开。肿瘤在生长过程中会从最内层开始逐渐向外侵袭。其穿透侵袭的层数越多,肿瘤越为晚期,越难以治疗。膀胱癌已侵袭肌层且发生转移的患者预后明显差于肿瘤分级较低、仅局限于膀胱壁内层的患者。

免疫抑制特征

在这项研究中,北卡罗来纳大学莱恩博格综合癌症中心的高级研究人员William Kim和Benjamin Vincent等人发现肌层浸润性膀胱癌的一种亚型与某些类型的乳腺癌有着类似的分子特征:之前的研究结果已显示三阴乳腺癌的一种亚型表达低水平的紧密连接蛋白claudin。而在这项新研究中,研究人员显示一种特定亚型的膀胱癌也属于claudin低表达肿瘤。研究人员用定义乳腺癌中claudin低表达肿瘤的基因标签,搜索了从408个肿瘤分级较高、已侵袭肌层的膀胱尿路上皮癌患者中得到的癌症基因图谱TCGA数据集,发现了这一现象。

研究人员还发现,claudin低表达肿瘤显示免疫细胞浸润至肿瘤内部,但是肿瘤细胞会利用免疫细胞的“免疫检查点”分子来抑制免疫细胞的杀伤作用。

免疫检查点是免疫系统的一个重要特征。为保证攻击正确的靶标,不会伤害正常健康细胞,免疫细胞需要严格控制这些位于其细胞表面的“开关”。这些免疫检查点由巡逻单核细胞开启或关闭。但是,一些肿瘤细胞能够利用这些免疫检查点,避开免疫系统的攻击。当前的免疫检查点抑制剂能够靶向这些“开关”分子来激活免疫系统,是一种十分有前景的肿瘤治疗策略。

这一研究也说明,根据基因和分子对膀胱癌进行分型,相比根据细胞和组织特征进行分型,更有利于找到适合某一类型的治疗方案。这种claudin低表达的膀胱癌亚型可能会对免疫检查点抑制剂十分敏感。将来需要有更多临床研究来分析免疫检查点抑制剂在这一患者人群中的疗效。

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    2016-06-05 Wuhuayan

    这是分子学说??

    0

  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=88709, encodeId=576188e099d, content=这是分子学说??, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=175, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=79401629895, createdName=Wuhuayan, createdTime=Sun Jun 05 23:43:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=74024, encodeId=a88be40248f, content=好神奇啊赐予我全文吧..., beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=144, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTIuqOuvZLWMJ8yAVHKNPBSKWLKHx7ibIhutJv2OfnTK9MQH5jpicpw5EJTmD0M0q2wOG3CZO9wTxa9A/132, createdBy=75561684788, createdName=yilibaisha, createdTime=Sun Mar 27 22:39:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=73990, encodeId=f6e0e3990af, content=微观医学!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=140, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160313/IMG56E50DEC424F44672.jpg, createdBy=ce5b1699635, createdName=Lisa971, createdTime=Sun Mar 27 15:21:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=73966, encodeId=9d79e396600, content=卵巢癌呢, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=172, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=5dd51704841, createdName=1de8c9efm46(暂无匿称), createdTime=Sun Mar 27 08:56:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=73941, encodeId=cd70e394134, content=有点意思?, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=165, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=0a6a1604604, createdName=Gsurgeon, createdTime=Sun Mar 27 06:15:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-27, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-03-27 yilibaisha

    好神奇啊赐予我全文吧...

    0

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    2016-03-27 Lisa971

    微观医学!

    0

  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=88709, encodeId=576188e099d, content=这是分子学说??, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=175, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=79401629895, createdName=Wuhuayan, createdTime=Sun Jun 05 23:43:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=74024, encodeId=a88be40248f, content=好神奇啊赐予我全文吧..., beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=144, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTIuqOuvZLWMJ8yAVHKNPBSKWLKHx7ibIhutJv2OfnTK9MQH5jpicpw5EJTmD0M0q2wOG3CZO9wTxa9A/132, createdBy=75561684788, createdName=yilibaisha, createdTime=Sun Mar 27 22:39:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=73990, encodeId=f6e0e3990af, content=微观医学!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=140, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160313/IMG56E50DEC424F44672.jpg, createdBy=ce5b1699635, createdName=Lisa971, createdTime=Sun Mar 27 15:21:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=73966, encodeId=9d79e396600, content=卵巢癌呢, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=172, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=5dd51704841, createdName=1de8c9efm46(暂无匿称), createdTime=Sun Mar 27 08:56:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=73941, encodeId=cd70e394134, content=有点意思?, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=165, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=0a6a1604604, createdName=Gsurgeon, createdTime=Sun Mar 27 06:15:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-27, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-03-27 1de8c9efm46(暂无匿称)

    卵巢癌呢

    0

  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=88709, encodeId=576188e099d, content=这是分子学说??, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=175, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=79401629895, createdName=Wuhuayan, createdTime=Sun Jun 05 23:43:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=74024, encodeId=a88be40248f, content=好神奇啊赐予我全文吧..., beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=144, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTIuqOuvZLWMJ8yAVHKNPBSKWLKHx7ibIhutJv2OfnTK9MQH5jpicpw5EJTmD0M0q2wOG3CZO9wTxa9A/132, createdBy=75561684788, createdName=yilibaisha, createdTime=Sun Mar 27 22:39:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=73990, encodeId=f6e0e3990af, content=微观医学!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=140, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160313/IMG56E50DEC424F44672.jpg, createdBy=ce5b1699635, createdName=Lisa971, createdTime=Sun Mar 27 15:21:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=73966, encodeId=9d79e396600, content=卵巢癌呢, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=172, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=5dd51704841, createdName=1de8c9efm46(暂无匿称), createdTime=Sun Mar 27 08:56:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=73941, encodeId=cd70e394134, content=有点意思?, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=165, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=0a6a1604604, createdName=Gsurgeon, createdTime=Sun Mar 27 06:15:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-27, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-03-27 Gsurgeon

    有点意思?

    0

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