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Cell Res:薛愿超组揭示胞苷脱氨酶AID特异性识别靶位点的新机制

2018-08-26 BioArt BioArt

抗体多样性的产生对人类健康至关重要。当机体受到病原菌侵染后,外周免疫器官中的B细胞会大量表达胞苷脱氨酶基因AID(Activation-induced cytidine deaminase)。当AID结合到免疫球蛋白基因的可变区后会将单链DNA中的胞嘧啶脱氨化为尿嘧啶核苷,进而借助机体的损伤修复机制在可变区产生高频突变以筛选出具有高亲和力的抗体。与此同时,AID会结合到免疫球蛋白基因的转换区进而介

抗体多样性的产生对人类健康至关重要。当机体受到病原菌侵染后,外周免疫器官中的B细胞会大量表达胞苷脱氨酶基因AID(Activation-induced cytidine deaminase)。当AID结合到免疫球蛋白基因的可变区后会将单链DNA中的胞嘧啶脱氨化为尿嘧啶核苷,进而借助机体的损伤修复机制在可变区产生高频突变以筛选出具有高亲和力的抗体。与此同时,AID会结合到免疫球蛋白基因的转换区进而介导抗体类别的转换以产生高效价的中和抗体。已知AID的靶位点富集RGYW/WRCY基序,这样的基序在人类基因组中平均每36个碱基对出现一次,但是如此大量的潜在靶位点中真正能被AID结合的还不到1%。因此,AID是如何寻找到自己的靶位点,以及如何特异性结合到抗体重链区而调控抗体类别转换和体细胞高频突变一直是个谜题。

此外,AID的突变或敲除会导致II型高IgM综合症。该病多发于儿童临床典型症状是:淋巴结增生,病人血清中的低效价抗体IgM的水平正常或偏高,但高效价抗体IgA、IgE和IgG的水平极低或者检测不到,因此任何微小的感染对患者来说都是致命的。目前人们对该病的致病机理还不甚了解。

Cell Research杂志在线发表了中科院生物物理所薛愿超课题组的研究论文The RNA-binding protein ROD1/PTBP3 cotranscriptionally defines AID-loading sites tomediate antibody class switch in mammalian genomes。该工作首次发现了AID的共辅助因子ROD1(RNA结合蛋白),并结合大量生化、基因敲除和功能基因组学实验,揭示了RNA结合蛋白ROD1通过结合双向转录的新生RNA/非编码RNA而决定AID对靶位点识别的新机制,并在结构层面回答了AID突变导致II型高IgM综合症发生的致病机理。

本论文结合免疫共沉淀和质谱分析鉴定出了AID的共辅助因子ROD1,发现AID与ROD1可形成稳定的复合物,其中ROD1通过一段进化中高度保守的环状区与AID的口袋区域相结合。敲除ROD1后,小鼠表现出与AID的敲除小鼠类似的高IgM综合症表型。在机制上,研究人员发现ROD1通过结合启动子区和增强子区双向转录产生的新生RNA而募集AID,进而启动对单链DNA的脱氨化修饰以介导抗体类别转换和体细胞高频突变的发生。

本研究还首次通过紫外交联免疫沉淀和高通量测序技术(CLIP-seq)在全基因组范围内分别鉴定了ROD1和AID所结合的体内作用靶标,并证实了ROD1决定AID对靶位点的识别。在致病机理上,研究人员发现AID的第147位氨基酸突变破坏了它与ROD1的相互作用,进而导致突变型AID不能正确的定位到抗体重链区,也不能诱导抗体类别转换的发生。因此,本研究回答了AID突变导致II型高IgM综合症发生的致病机理,为后期的临床诊断和治疗打下了基础。

据悉,该工作由中国科学院生物物理研究所薛愿超课题组和上海生化细胞所李劲松等多个课题组合作完成。薛愿超研究员为本文的通讯作者,薛愿超课题组助理研究员陈娟,于潇华,博士生蔡兆奎,张超博士和李劲松课题组白梅竹博士为本文的共同第一作者。生物物理研究所候百东课题组和俞洋课题组在课题的执行过程中给予了大量的实验和咨询帮助。中国农业大学于舒洋教授和博士生姚英鹏协助完成了敲除小鼠的抗体类型分析。

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    2019-05-26 维他命
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    2019-05-04 wjywjy

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