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一张致命的处方!

2016-06-03 佚名 医学之声

处方审核的目的是纠错而不是找茬。根本原因就在于:一个人的错误,需要另一个人纠正!

一、先看这张处方


二、事件回放

2016年4月27日,上午9时许,安徽淮南4岁小男孩高某某因“发热胸痛两天”,被送往淮南市某医院就诊。储继周主任决定给予输液治疗,在开具处方时,误将维库溴铵(肌松药)当成化痰药(氨溴索)开出……中午12时5分左右,在输注克林霉素+地塞米松、阿米卡星之后,开始输入含有维库溴铵的液体。随即患儿头晕、视力模糊、出现重影、看不见东西、嘴唇发紫、口吐白沫,两三分钟后患儿呼之不应,停止呼吸,抢救无效死亡。

三、医疗事故技术鉴定书

4月29日,媒体曝光“4岁儿童高某某在医院吊水后死亡”事件。4月30日,淮南市医学会出具了《医疗事故技术鉴定书》。鉴定专家组认为:
 
淮南市某医院医生储某用药错误,诊断与治疗不符;

药师未按《处方管理办法》相关规定发药,即未予以审核处方就发药;

护士在操作过程中,未违反“三查七对”,未违反操作规程,但护士在第一次使用维库溴铵该药时,未尽到注意义务;

维库溴铵是致死的主要原因,不排除该药过敏致死(在未进行尸检的情况下)。

鉴定结论是:构成医疗事故,本病例属于一级甲等医疗事故,院方负完全责任。

四、处方分析

处方的规范性

医师:违反卫生部《处方管理办法》的规定,未选用淡绿色儿科专用处方、未注明临床诊断、单张处方超过5种药品(11种)、书写不规范且字迹难以辨认。 

药师:违反卫生部《处方管理办法》的规定,审核、调配、核对、发药栏目无药师签名,或者单人值班调剂未执行双签名规定。
 
该处方不是一般意义上的“不规范”处方,不仅存在“未注明临床诊断”严重问题,而且含“高警示药品”维库溴铵,药师本应拒绝调剂。
 
用药的适宜性
 
由于缺少临床诊断,药师无从进行用药适宜性审核。如果仅以“上呼吸道感染”来点评这张处方的话,处方中的11种药品都是不适宜的,而且存在用法用量错误。举例说明如下:
 
1. 克林霉素、阿米卡星:不适宜
 
克林霉素、阿米卡星并非上呼吸道感染的首选药物或者一线用药,上呼吸道感染首选药物是青霉素类和头孢类,如果考虑合并有支原体或衣原体的感染,可以选择阿奇霉素。
 
克林霉素适用于链球菌属、葡萄球菌属及厌氧菌所致的中、重度感染,如吸入性肺炎、脓胸、肺脓肿、骨髓炎、腹腔感染、盆腔感染及败血症等。
 
阿米卡星对多数氨基糖苷类钝化酶稳定,尤其适用于治疗革兰阴性杆菌对卡那霉素、庆大霉素或妥布霉素耐药菌株所致的严重感染。
 
2. 注射用维库溴胺:致命性错误
 
据报道,医师在开具处方时,误将“注射用维库溴铵”当成化痰药“注射用氨溴索”开出。为什么医生会把两个药物种类完全不同的药物混淆呢?
 
作者认为这可能与医生的“思维定势”有关!本人大胆猜测:4月27日,该医生关注过、与同事讨论过,或处方过“注射用维库溴铵”。
 
处方审核的目的是纠错而不是找茬。根本原因就在于:一个人的错误,需要另一个人纠正!
 
3. 维生素C、B6、利巴韦林:没有循证学依据
 
再次强调:①利巴韦林不宜用于未经实验室确诊为呼吸道合胞病毒感染的患者;②利巴韦林不仅有血液毒性、肝脏毒性,而且有心脏毒性;③利巴韦林具有很强的致畸性,使用该药的男女患者三个月内必须采取严格的避孕措施。
 
4. 克林霉素与阿米卡星联用不适宜
 
一是,无抗生素联用指征;二是,两种药物毒副作用相似(肾毒性、神经肌肉毒性),联用毒副作用增强。
 
5. 克林霉素的用法用量不适宜
 
4周及4周以上小儿严重感染时,克林霉素注射液的用法用量是:一日25~40mg/kg,分3~4次应用。即单次最大给药剂量为13mg/kg。
 
该患儿没有体重。如果根据2~12岁儿童体重估算公式:体重(kg)=年龄×2 + 8(kg),4岁患儿的体重约16kg,单次最大给药剂量为:213mg。
 
医生处方中,克林霉素注射液 0.45g (450mg),单次给药剂量太大。

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    2016-08-28 ylzr123

    深度好文,值得学习,赞!

    0

  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=106439, encodeId=fa7c10643998, content=深度好文,值得学习,赞!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=86, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo7s7ZCKOmmbBTD6nE7gcd5OZpvyGEzkxBP3S275k5ZJVrsPkotZhBglRHM9rKvcj1OgkssqhcnoPw8zIaMZTF8c/0, createdBy=4c441942088, createdName=ylzr123, createdTime=Sun Aug 28 21:42:00 CST 2016, time=2016-08-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=89219, encodeId=429a8921954, content=这是主任开的药方吗,职称与临床水平不符, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=180, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=7e851730177, createdName=rgr, createdTime=Fri Jun 10 17:30:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=88853, encodeId=ba2d8885316, content=学习了!以后用药提高警惕, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=145, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mStl88fu4NfNLvzZhgPxRiaPGXLHbD09oThMvLc59lDgPWMUgwaV9XedFs2Ua5siaD84oBicnRcVrCvLfdrkpHUicUEyLPs1rxibZ/0, createdBy=b6991729298, createdName=報恩知, createdTime=Mon Jun 06 22:30:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=88692, encodeId=08eb886922e, content=不错的文章,多学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=115, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=53751677671, createdName=沉心多思, createdTime=Sun Jun 05 21:25:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=88566, encodeId=2564885663e, content=不错的文章,多学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=119, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=53751677671, createdName=沉心多思, createdTime=Sun Jun 05 14:59:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=88369, encodeId=87b188369a8, content=如履薄冰呀!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=112, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=/v1.0.0/img/user_icon.png, createdBy=d0921674448, createdName=gyczyxy, createdTime=Fri Jun 03 16:47:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-03, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-06-10 rgr

    这是主任开的药方吗,职称与临床水平不符

    0

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    2016-06-06 報恩知

    学习了!以后用药提高警惕

    0

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    2016-06-05 沉心多思

    不错的文章,多学习

    0

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    2016-06-05 沉心多思

    不错的文章,多学习

    0

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    2016-06-03 gyczyxy

    如履薄冰呀!

    0

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