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Medscape:CDC数据表明孤独症谱系障碍患病率大大升高

2014-04-03 佚名 丁香园

孤独症主要表现为儿童不同程度的社会交往障碍,语言发育障碍,兴趣狭窄和行为方式刻板,且多伴有精神发育迟滞,预后不佳。根据以往国外报道的数据表明,美国CDC调查2007年孤独症患病率为6.6/1000人,2009年患病率为9.1/1000人,2012年为11.3/1000人,而目前2014年3月为14.7/1000人,呈现逐渐上升的趋势。美国疾病控制和预防中心(CDC)3月28日报道称,在美国,患

孤独症主要表现为儿童不同程度的社会交往障碍,语言发育障碍,兴趣狭窄和行为方式刻板,且多伴有精神发育迟滞,预后不佳。根据以往国外报道的数据表明,美国CDC调查2007年孤独症患病率为6.6/1000人,2009年患病率为9.1/1000人,2012年为11.3/1000人,而目前2014年3月为14.7/1000人,呈现逐渐上升的趋势。

美国疾病控制和预防中心(CDC)3月28日报道称,在美国,患有孤独症谱系障碍(ASD)的儿童人数比预想的多。CDC表示,最新数据表明为8岁儿童孤独 症谱系障碍患病率为每68个儿童中就有1个(14.7/1000人),比在先前2012年报道的88个儿童中有1个(11.3/1000人)为孤独症谱系障碍大约高出30%.这份新的关于评估孤独症谱系障碍患病率的研究发表在2014年3月28日的《发病率和死亡率周报》上,CDC还指出,用于诊断孤独症谱系障碍的标准和收集数据的方法并没有变化。

CDC 全国出生缺陷和发育障碍中心负责人Coleen Boyle博士指出,患有孤独症谱系障碍的人群不断升高,在过去10年里,最显著的变化是,越来越多拥有 正常智力水平或高于正常智力水平的儿童患有孤独症谱系障碍,这一人群在2002年占到孤独症谱系障碍的1/3,而在2010年,这一比例为1/2.为了更好的理解这一现象,目前需要对此进行更多的研究,这有助临床医生更好的鉴别这一类患病人群,她补充到,对高智力水平孤独症谱系障碍人群的识别率增加,这也可能是导致患病率增加的原因之一。

这一项新的评估数据基于2010年的11个参与孤独症与发育性残疾监测网(ADDM)站点,这个监测网提供关于孤独症的患病率的数据,以及8岁儿童的其他特征。他们之所以选择8岁的儿童,是因为基于以往的数据,大多数儿童在8岁时才诊断出孤独症。

对于2010年,来源于孤独症与发育性残疾监测网站点数据表明,8岁儿童孤独症谱系障碍患病率为14.7/1000人(1/68),其范围为 5.7-21.9/1000人,孤独症谱系障碍也存在性别和种族差异。这项新的数据同时也表明,患有孤独症谱系障碍的男孩为女性的5倍(1 /42 vs 1/189),儿童种族为白人比起黑人或西班牙裔更大几率被诊断为孤独症谱系障碍。

从7个站点收集到的有效的数据表 明,31%孤独症谱系障碍儿童存在智力残疾(IQ分数≤ 70),23%为临界水平(IQ = 71 - 85),46%为普通或超出正常水平智力水平 (IQ > 85),这就与10年前这一比例为1/3相比,目前约一半的患病儿童智力水平为正常或超出。

Boyle博士说,社区负责人、卫生服务专业人员、教育人员和儿童护理机构应该应用这些数据,争取在儿童早期阶段鉴别出来,早诊断早治疗。

CDC表示,即使有些孩子在2岁时就能够被诊断为孤独症谱系障碍,但大多数患儿被诊断为孤独症谱系障碍时已经是4岁了,《2020健康国民》的10年健康计划目 标指出,大力筛查评估孤独症谱系障碍和其他发育迟缓的比例,并对这一人群进行早期干预。CDC发育障碍分部负责人Marshalyn Yeargin- Allsopp博士指出,对于父母来说首要需要做的是关注孩子的发育情况。

新措施的公布

美国卫生和人类服务儿童和家庭部门的Katherine C. Beckman博士宣布了一项由政府支持的新举措,这是前所未有的,鼓励孤独症患儿进行发育和行为筛查,并针对儿童、家庭、关爱孤独症的机构提供支持。Beckman说道:“该方案的特点为受众广,包括早期护理和教育机构,儿科医生,儿童福利个案工作者,家庭以及社区。”

这项计划被称为“出生到5:看我茁壮成长”(Birth to 5: Watch Me Thrive),这项计划的提出有利于儿童和其家庭有了信心,有了 一个属于针对孤独症谱系障碍的计划,让他们感到不再孤单,并能帮助其他家庭在早期阶段识别儿童发育延迟的现象,并提供完善的支持,也为孤独症谱系障碍的儿 童和家庭创造出一个大环境,有利于他们接触社会,有让社会更加理解和支持他们。

美国儿科学会(AAP)是这项倡议的合作伙伴,AAP主席,James Perrin博士称:“AAP正致力为很多患有孤独症的儿童提供持续的医疗服务”他还补充到,由于目前孤独症谱系障碍患病人群的增多,很有必要提高我们对孤独症发病机制的认识,以便于预防。

AAP孤独症小组委员会主席Susan Hyman博士说道:“这些关于孤独症谱系障碍患病率的数据强调了AAP对于孤独症谱系障碍的早期筛查,鉴别和预防,以及对所有儿童推荐的干预措施,并针对患有孤独症谱系障碍的儿童,青少和成人提供的合作医疗家庭的重要性。”

这些是非常重要的,我们作为社会的一份子,不能对孤独症谱系障碍患病率的增加坐以待毙,这提醒我们应该对这一人群早期筛查,并培训临床医生和父母对这些儿童(同时也包括一些发育残疾的儿童)进行有效的干预。

原始出处:

Megan Brooks.Autism Rates Jump 30%, CDC Reports.Medscape Mar 27, 2014


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    2014-11-23 feather89
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    2014-09-18 smlt2008
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    2014-04-05 zhaojie88
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孤独症谱系障碍ASD的诊断依据是一些具体行为,例如重复性行动,社交互动减少,和交流能力受损。研究显示,许多ASD患者也同时患有肠胃病,例如腹绞痛和便秘。加州理工Caltech的研究人员在此基础上,为孤独症等神经发育疾病提出了全新的治疗策略。【原文下载】 此前曾有研究指出,肠道菌群能够影响人的社交和情绪性行为。近日,加州理工的科学家们首次向人们展示,肠道菌群的改变能够影响孤独症小鼠模型的行

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