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BJJ评论:使用带传感器的胫骨衬垫提高TKA患者满意度

2014-12-11 小小老虎 J杂志

Gutske KA在2014年的Bone Joint J杂志上报道了他们使用带有传感器的胫骨衬垫的临床结果,伦敦大学的M. J. Dunbar对此进行了点评,现全文翻译如下。 绝大多数的全膝关节置换术后可以取得良好疗效,但是也有一小部分患者对临床疗效不满意。在患者处理的各个步骤上医生采取了多种方法来提高疗效,包括:患者教育、设计和改良假体、以及为提高精确性而改良的各种手术技巧。 患

Gutske KA在2014年的Bone Joint J杂志上报道了他们使用带有传感器的胫骨衬垫的临床结果,伦敦大学的M. J. Dunbar对此进行了点评,现全文翻译如下。

绝大多数的全膝关节置换术后可以取得良好疗效,但是也有一小部分患者对临床疗效不满意。在患者处理的各个步骤上医生采取了多种方法来提高疗效,包括:患者教育、设计和改良假体、以及为提高精确性而改良的各种手术技巧。

患者满意度评价是一个比较模糊的疗效概念,与患者的期望值、疼痛减轻程度、功能改善程度有关。全膝关节置换韧带平衡技术的改进在理论上可以改善上述三个方面的结果,从而提高患者的满意度。进一步的来讲,据文献报道,一组全膝关节置换患者满意度的上限在82%左右,因此似乎可以作为一种合适的疗效评价指标。

很多医生关心在术中使用带传感器的胫骨衬垫评估假体接触位置和压力。但是仍需关注这些测量数据是否可以用于术中决策以及是否影响临床疗效。为了试图了解上述问题的答案,Gustske16等人进行了一项研究,以评估全膝关节置换术中传感器数据与术后患者满意度之间的关系。

实验组纳入135例患者(来自多个中心),在使用Triathlon全膝关节假体置换手术时置入带传感器的VERASENSE置入型胫骨衬垫。更重要的是,在这次研究中作者纳入了缺血性坏死和创伤性关节炎的患者,而一般认为这两类患者的术后满意度较低。全膝关节置换的手术方式比较多,不同医生的选择并不一样,是否切除后交叉韧带、膝关节间隙平衡方法、截骨方法、是否使用导航等。在这135例患者中,有18例患者诊断为“膝关节软组织不平衡”。该组患者的满意度为82.1%,比较接近一篇meta分析文献中提到的满意度水平,而这个指标远远低于膝关节软组织平衡组的96.7%

这项研究反映了作者使用带传感器胫骨衬垫的早期经验和结果,同时受到了患者因素方面的很多限制。例如:作者将不平衡组患者归因为早期使用带测量仪器胫骨衬垫时的经验不足,此项研究没有设立对照组和进行随机化处理,作者得到的满意度情况可能与假体设计或者膝关节平衡技术存在联系。而且作者在研究中引进了新的满意度调查量表。

除了上述提到的一些缺陷之外,这项研究仍有可取之处,为评价膝关节置换术后临床疗效提供了一个新的评估标准。目前全膝关节置换手术的一个基本要求是要保证膝关节在伸直和屈曲90°条件下是否平衡,这也就是要在手术当中要采用间隙平衡、测量截骨和导航技术等方法的原因。

而主观测量在很大程度上无法了解膝关节其他活动角度时的软组织平衡情况,更没有办法进行量化。考虑到不稳定是导致全膝关节术后早期进行翻修的原因,因此这一问题非常具有研究意义。

和许多研究一样,细节决定成败。目前使用带有传感器的胫骨衬垫还有很多问题尚未得到解决。例如:究竟什么时候才是假体负荷的高峰,根据膝关节运动时哪个点来决定假体负荷?膝关节内外间隙是否一定要相等?

手术当中摆放和活动下肢的方式对测量压力数据有什么影响?对于不同形状和类型的假体能用同一负荷标准来评估吗?是否应该根据每位患者的形体变异和生理情况来确定负荷?

全膝关节置换手术目前正处于一个有趣的十字路口。手术技术进步很大,可以影响临床疗效评价。同事陷入窘境,自定义切割模块、导航、机器人、带感应器的胫骨衬垫这些创新是否值得进行开发和研究。没有准确的疗效测量指标,在一定程度上对于膝关节置换疗效的评价上是处于停滞不前状态。

虽然并不完美,但是这篇文章的意义在于为后续研究提供了一个起点,在进行膝关节置换时,要对目前的主观评估方式进行改进。

也许Lord Kelvin的一段话可以表达这项研究的意义:“我常常说,当你能衡量你所说的东西,并且用数值进行表达时,你对它是有所了解的;但是如果你不能衡量并用数值进行说明时,你对它的理解还是太少不能令人满意。”

原始出处:

Dunbar MJ1, Haddad FS2.Patient satisfaction after total knee replacement: new inroads.Bone Joint J. 2014 Oct;96-B(10):1285-6. doi: 10.1302/0301-620X.96B10.34981.

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    2015-04-12 x35042875

    患OS这个疾病的高风险人群提供干预措施以避免不良预后和机械治疗措施

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    2014-12-13 yb6561
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    2014-12-13 mjldent
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    2014-12-13 liuhuangbo

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