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蔡三军:不规范治疗致我国大肠癌生存率下降

2013-10-30 驻地记者 孙国根 医学论坛网

我国大肠癌患者平均5年生存率仅为40%左右,而欧美发达国家高达61%,这一差距是如何形成的?10月23日在上海召开的“第四届中美大肠癌多学科综合治疗研讨会”给出答案:不规范的治疗是导致中国大肠癌生存率下降的重要原因。严守“规范”,并根据患者的身体状况,制定最优化的个体化治疗方案才是缩小这一差距的重要手段。 据研讨会执行主席、复旦大学附属肿瘤医院大肠外科主任蔡三军教授介绍,尽管目前我国各级

我国大肠癌患者平均5年生存率仅为40%左右,而欧美发达国家高达61%,这一差距是如何形成的?10月23日在上海召开的“第四届中美大肠癌多学科综合治疗研讨会”给出答案:不规范的治疗是导致中国大肠癌生存率下降的重要原因。严守“规范”,并根据患者的身体状况,制定最优化的个体化治疗方案才是缩小这一差距的重要手段。

据研讨会执行主席、复旦大学附属肿瘤医院大肠外科主任蔡三军教授介绍,尽管目前我国各级医院都逐渐建立多学科诊疗团队,但大肠癌治疗不规范状况依然很严重。仅以II期结直肠癌术后且无淋巴结转移的患者为例,我国有些医院在术后是否需要化疗的问题上,并未根据规范化要求,即先对患者进行“个体复发风险评估”,再决定是否实施化疗等辅助治疗方案,而是不分青红皂白,都作化疗,即便是化疗也不问应该用多少“剂量”,故直接导致有些患者治疗过度,有些则治疗不足。

仍以II期结直肠癌术后是否需要辅助化疗为例,化疗前的“错配修复基因免疫组化检测”是重要的考量因素,但据不完全统计,我国仅有20%的医院开展该项检测。蔡三军指出,根据临床检测报告,在大肠癌患者中,有15%至20%的患者“错配修复基因免疫组化检测”是阴性结果。

规范化的治疗方案是:如果“错配修复基因免疫组化检测”是阴性结果,根据临床需要,还应进一步作“微卫星不稳定基因检测”。因为“错配修复基因免疫组化检测”阴性表达或 “微卫星不稳定基因检测”阳性结果(15%至20%)的患者的II期结直肠癌患者,发生复发转移的机会较小,并且很可能不能从化疗中获益,反而会增加患者“过度治疗”的治疗费用,并影响患者的生存质量。蔡三军呼吁,全国各大医院大肠外科都应该把“错配修复基因免疫组化检测”作为一项常规性的检查项目,以防过度治疗或治疗不足。

中美与会专家表示,在加强大肠癌诊疗全过程规范的同时,如果更加重视个体化综合治疗,中国大肠癌诊治总体水平将更上一层楼。由外科、放疗、化疗、影像、内镜、病理等多个领域专家组成的多学科团队,应该为每一位患者量身定制出既符合诊疗规范又具有个体化特色的治疗方案。

大会以复旦大学附属肿瘤医院一位35岁年轻的直肠癌患者为例,该患者病灶位置距离肛门仅4.5CM,如按既往的治疗标准,切除病灶的同时需同时切除肛门,但在术前评估讨论会上,医师团队考虑到患者年纪较轻,又有强烈的保留肛门意愿,遂在讨论会上由治疗团队专家为其制定术前放射治疗计划,通过放化疗使病灶退缩后,再施行保肛手术。经过多年的随访,患者至今已生存5年以上,并由于保留了宝贵的肛门,获得了很好的生存质量。

据研讨会报告,复旦大学附属肿瘤医院由于坚持大肠癌诊疗全程规范化,目前该院患者I期5年生存率94.3%、II期84.5%、III期62.9%,均已达国际水平。


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    2013-10-30 mgb133

    肛门真的很宝贵,规范的诊疗一定会为患者带来很大的福利

    0

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