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Lancet Psychiatry:血浆长链脂肪酸对精神分裂症有保护作用

2021-11-08 自由影像之光 MedSci原创

精神分裂症患者可能难以将短链多不饱和脂肪酸转化为长链多不饱和脂肪酸。还需要进一步的研究来确定长链多不饱和脂肪酸补充剂或饮食丰富是否有助于预防精神分裂症的发作。

有研究报道精神分裂症患者和精神病超高风险患者血浆多不饱和脂肪酸浓度降低的特点。尽管一些研究报告了精神病超高风险患者或首次发作精神病患者在不服用抗精神病药物时多不饱和脂肪酸浓度的改变,不能排除由于疾病引起的不良饮食或社会或其他饮食因素引起的混淆而导致的反向因果关系。

Hannah J Jones等开展研究,旨在确定omega-3和omega-6脂肪酸浓度是否与精神分裂症有因果关系。研究结果发表在Lancet Psychiatry杂志。

Hannah J Jones等进行了一项两样本的孟德尔随机研究,使用反方差加权两样本孟德尔随机化方法评估暴露-结局关系,该方法使用脂肪酸浓度和精神分裂症全基因组关联研究(GWASs)的结果。采用加权中值法、加权模式法和孟德尔随机化Egger回归法进行敏感性分析。利用FADS基因簇和ELOVL2基因位点进行了进一步的分析探讨其机制。采用多变量孟德尔随机化方法评估omega-3脂肪酸对精神分裂症的直接影响,独立于omega-6脂肪酸、脂蛋白(即HDL和LDL)和甘油三酯。

该研究发现长链-3和长链-6脂肪酸浓度与较低的精神分裂症风险相关(例如,二十二碳六烯酸的负方差加权比值[OR] 0.83 [95% CI 0.75 - 0.92])。

相比之下,短链omega-3和短链omega-6脂肪酸与精神分裂症风险增加相关的证据不足(α-亚麻酸的逆方差加权OR 1.07 [95% CI 0.98 - 1.18])。

多变量孟德尔随机分析评估omega-3脂肪酸对精神分裂症的直接影响,调节omega-6脂肪酸

通过敏感性分析和FADS单SNP分析,结果是一致的,表明长链omega-3和长链omega-6脂肪酸浓度与精神分裂症的低风险相关(OR 0.74 [95% CI 0.58 - 0.96],而短链omega-3和短链omega-6脂肪酸浓度与精神分裂症风险增加有关(例如,OR 1.08 [95% CI 1.02 - 1.15], α-亚麻酸)。

多变量孟德尔随机分析评估omega-3和omega-6脂肪酸对精神分裂症的直接影响,调节血脂测量

相比之下,来自ELOVL2单SNP分析的估计更不精确,并且与每种脂肪酸测量的风险增加和保护作用相兼容。

多变量孟德尔随机化研究表明,二十二碳六烯酸对精神分裂症的保护作用在调节其他脂质后仍然存在,尽管证据略弱(多变量逆方差加权OR 0.84 [95% CI 0.71 - 1·01])。

该研究结果与长链omega-3和长链omega-6脂肪酸对精神分裂症的保护作用是一致的,这表明精神分裂症患者可能难以将短链多不饱和脂肪酸转化为长链多不饱和脂肪酸。还需要进一步的研究来确定长链多不饱和脂肪酸补充剂或饮食丰富是否有助于预防精神分裂症的发作。

原文出处

Jones HJ, Borges MC, Carnegie R, et al. Associations between plasma fatty acid concentrations and schizophrenia: a two-sample Mendelian randomisation study [published online ahead of print, 2021 Nov 1]. Lancet Psychiatry. 2021;S2215-0366(21)00286-8. doi:10.1016/S2215-0366(21)00286-8

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    2022-03-14 howi
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    2021-11-08 周荀川

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