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同一团队连发两篇文章：谁控制着你的口腹之欲

2015-04-07 叶予 生物通

食欲肥胖
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肥胖是现代工业社会的一种流行病，随着人们饮食习惯和生活方式的改变，全球的肥胖发病率正在逐年攀升，已经成为了世界性的健康问题。大脑深处的下丘脑中聚集着上万个POMC神经元，它们是饱足感和饥饿感的控制中心，能根据机体信号对食欲和进食行为进行调节。科学家们一直希望能够通过操纵这些神经元来解决肥胖问题。密歇根大学的Malcolm Low博士和布宜诺斯艾利斯大学的Marcelo Rubinstein博士陆续

肥胖是现代工业社会的一种流行病，随着人们饮食习惯和生活方式的改变，全球的肥胖发病率正在逐年攀升，已经成为了世界性的健康问题。

大脑深处的下丘脑中聚集着上万个POMC神经元，它们是饱足感和饥饿感的控制中心，能根据机体信号对食欲和进食行为进行调节。科学家们一直希望能够通过操纵这些神经元来解决肥胖问题。
密歇根大学的Malcolm Low博士和布宜诺斯艾利斯大学的Marcelo Rubinstein博士陆续发表两篇文章，详细描述了决定POMC神经元功能的关键遗传因子。这两篇文章分别发表在美国国家科学院院刊PNAS和PLoS Genetics杂志上。

研究人员指出，Pomc基因受到一个转录因子和两个增强子的控制，它们决定着调控信号生成的时间和频率。“POMC区域是大脑应答瘦素调控体重的核心，”Low教授说。“我们希望了解Pomc基因的调控机制。”

PLoS Genetics杂志上的文章，为人们展示了两个进化保守的增强子，它们位于Pomc基因附近，能引导蛋白来读取这个基因。研究显示，这两个增强子以互补的方式起作用，在关键时刻促进Pomc基因的表达。

研究人员发现，增强子nPE1和nPE2专门在大脑中调控Pomc基因。缺乏这两个片段的小鼠生来就很肥胖，就像Pomc基因失活的小鼠一样。不过，只缺乏nPE2的小鼠能够正常生长，这是因为nPE1做出了补偿。这种冗余的增强子系统说明了Pomc的重要性，Low说。

PNAS杂志上的文章指出，转录因子Islet 1对Pomc也很重要。Islet 1是胰岛细胞中的转录因子，研究表明它也是POMC细胞中的转录因子。研究人员在小鼠胚胎发育阶段阻断下丘脑生成Islet 1，结果抑制了POMC神经元的生成。

研究人员还在斑马鱼中展示了Islet 1的重要性。如果这个转录因子在发育早期被阻断，斑马鱼也无法发展出POMC神经元。斑马鱼调控Pomc基因的增强子与小鼠不同，说明Islet 1本身就很重要。

这项研究揭示了Pomc调控在体重控制中的关键性作用，有助于人们进一步理解大脑对进食行为的调节机制。

原始出处：

Nasif S, de Souza FS, González LE, Yamashita M, Orquera DP, Low MJ, Rubinstein M.  Islet 1 specifies the identity of hypothalamic melanocortin neurons and is critical for normal foodintake and adiposity in adulthood. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2015 Mar 30. pii: 201500672. [Epub ahead of print]


Lam DD, de Souza FS, Nasif S, Yamashita M, López-Leal R, Otero-Corchon V, Meece K, Sampath H, Mercer AJ, Wardlaw SL, Rubinstein M, Low MJ.Partially redundant enhancers cooperatively maintain Mammalian pomc expression above a criticalfunctional threshold.PLoS Genet. 2015 Feb 11;11(2):e1004935. doi: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1004935. eCollection 2015 Feb.


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  1. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=27084, encodeId=bdcd2e084df, content=好好学习一下, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=128, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=/v1.0.0/img/user_icon.png, createdBy=ac181616815, createdName=ljjj1053, createdTime=Thu Jun 11 18:39:00 CST 2015, time=2015-06-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=21402, encodeId=44522140250, content=看不明白, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=62, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=36a81612921, createdName=xiaoai5777, createdTime=Sun Apr 19 08:05:00 CST 2015, time=2015-04-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=19875, encodeId=e73f198e52f, content=高等动物还不一定是这样子的, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=135, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=8b26101142, createdName=leaderbilly, createdTime=Tue Apr 07 16:13:00 CST 2015, time=2015-04-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=19867, encodeId=f5a31986eb7, content=learning, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=132, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=cce01615276, createdName=Johnny1989, createdTime=Tue Apr 07 15:59:00 CST 2015, time=2015-04-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=19781, encodeId=54af19e81e4, content=后续, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=141, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=DDWSS, createdTime=Tue Apr 07 11:38:00 CST 2015, time=2015-04-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=19777, encodeId=f91a19e776e, content=关键这个位点的基因参与合成的蛋白，以及它作用的靶点呢？, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=92, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=wu2734033, createdTime=Tue Apr 07 11:10:00 CST 2015, time=2015-04-07, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-06-11 ljjj1053

    好好学习一下

    0

  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=27084, encodeId=bdcd2e084df, content=好好学习一下, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=128, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=/v1.0.0/img/user_icon.png, createdBy=ac181616815, createdName=ljjj1053, createdTime=Thu Jun 11 18:39:00 CST 2015, time=2015-06-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=21402, encodeId=44522140250, content=看不明白, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=62, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=36a81612921, createdName=xiaoai5777, createdTime=Sun Apr 19 08:05:00 CST 2015, time=2015-04-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=19875, encodeId=e73f198e52f, content=高等动物还不一定是这样子的, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=135, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=8b26101142, createdName=leaderbilly, createdTime=Tue Apr 07 16:13:00 CST 2015, time=2015-04-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=19867, encodeId=f5a31986eb7, content=learning, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=132, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=cce01615276, createdName=Johnny1989, createdTime=Tue Apr 07 15:59:00 CST 2015, time=2015-04-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=19781, encodeId=54af19e81e4, content=后续, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=141, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=DDWSS, createdTime=Tue Apr 07 11:38:00 CST 2015, time=2015-04-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=19777, encodeId=f91a19e776e, content=关键这个位点的基因参与合成的蛋白，以及它作用的靶点呢？, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=92, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=wu2734033, createdTime=Tue Apr 07 11:10:00 CST 2015, time=2015-04-07, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-04-19 xiaoai5777

    看不明白

    0

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    2015-04-07 leaderbilly

    高等动物还不一定是这样子的

    0

  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=27084, encodeId=bdcd2e084df, content=好好学习一下, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=128, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=/v1.0.0/img/user_icon.png, createdBy=ac181616815, createdName=ljjj1053, createdTime=Thu Jun 11 18:39:00 CST 2015, time=2015-06-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=21402, encodeId=44522140250, content=看不明白, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=62, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=36a81612921, createdName=xiaoai5777, createdTime=Sun Apr 19 08:05:00 CST 2015, time=2015-04-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=19875, encodeId=e73f198e52f, content=高等动物还不一定是这样子的, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=135, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=8b26101142, createdName=leaderbilly, createdTime=Tue Apr 07 16:13:00 CST 2015, time=2015-04-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=19867, encodeId=f5a31986eb7, content=learning, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=132, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=cce01615276, createdName=Johnny1989, createdTime=Tue Apr 07 15:59:00 CST 2015, time=2015-04-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=19781, encodeId=54af19e81e4, content=后续, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=141, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=DDWSS, createdTime=Tue Apr 07 11:38:00 CST 2015, time=2015-04-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=19777, encodeId=f91a19e776e, content=关键这个位点的基因参与合成的蛋白，以及它作用的靶点呢？, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=92, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=wu2734033, createdTime=Tue Apr 07 11:10:00 CST 2015, time=2015-04-07, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-04-07 Johnny1989

    learning

    0

  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=27084, encodeId=bdcd2e084df, content=好好学习一下, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=128, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=/v1.0.0/img/user_icon.png, createdBy=ac181616815, createdName=ljjj1053, createdTime=Thu Jun 11 18:39:00 CST 2015, time=2015-06-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=21402, encodeId=44522140250, content=看不明白, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=62, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=36a81612921, createdName=xiaoai5777, createdTime=Sun Apr 19 08:05:00 CST 2015, time=2015-04-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=19875, encodeId=e73f198e52f, content=高等动物还不一定是这样子的, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=135, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=8b26101142, createdName=leaderbilly, createdTime=Tue Apr 07 16:13:00 CST 2015, time=2015-04-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=19867, encodeId=f5a31986eb7, content=learning, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=132, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=cce01615276, createdName=Johnny1989, createdTime=Tue Apr 07 15:59:00 CST 2015, time=2015-04-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=19781, encodeId=54af19e81e4, content=后续, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=141, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=DDWSS, createdTime=Tue Apr 07 11:38:00 CST 2015, time=2015-04-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=19777, encodeId=f91a19e776e, content=关键这个位点的基因参与合成的蛋白，以及它作用的靶点呢？, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=92, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=wu2734033, createdTime=Tue Apr 07 11:10:00 CST 2015, time=2015-04-07, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-04-07 DDWSS

    后续

    0

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    2015-04-07 wu2734033

    关键这个位点的基因参与合成的蛋白，以及它作用的靶点呢？

    0

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食物的香味为何让你食欲大增？3月《自然—神经科学》上的一项研究找到了原因——大脑嗅球中1型大麻素（CB1）受体的存在。这项研究还发现CB1受体的激活可以加强气味感知从而促进食物摄取，研究人员同时认为这些受体为改变导致肥胖的进食行为提供了一个潜在的药理学靶向。 短时间的节食行为被认为可以增加哺乳动物大脑中内源性大麻素的水平浓度。饥饿也被认为可以增强我们对气味的感知并促进食物消化。Giovanni

ONF：针灸能改善胃肠道肿瘤患者食欲，降低体重下降速度

研究目的：我们实验的目的是：探究使用中医针灸疗法作为现有胃肠道癌症患者治疗措施的互补干预疗法的可行性，并且评估其在降低胃肠道肿瘤患者体重减轻速度的有效性。研究方式：一个实验组，探究其使用中医针灸治疗干预前后的效果及其可行性。环境：实验在佛罗里达州一个肿瘤门诊和一个肿瘤活动中心进行。样本：7位胃肠道肿瘤患者。实验方式：我们在8周的时间内为患者提供了8节针灸课教育，最后使用视觉模拟评分量表(VAS)&

Nature：号外！POMC竟然也能促进食欲？！

近日，著名国际期刊nature刊登了美国科学家的一项最新研究成果，他们发现POMC神经元能够促进大麻素诱导的进食行为，这与普遍认为的POMC神经元能够增加饱腹感，抑制食欲作用不同。   在之前研究中发现，POMC神经元的活动能够降低食欲、加快代谢和能量消耗。成年啮齿类动物的大脑中，POMC神经元大量分布在下丘脑的弓状核（arcuate nucleus, ARC），并广泛投射到表达黑皮

忍不住吃，是一种依赖？

我们都知道肥胖对健康十分不利，也都想少吃点儿，可是一旦好吃的菜和点心什么的摆在面前，就会在不知不觉间吃多了。这是为什么呢？实际上，诱发过量饮食的脑部机能与药物依赖十分相似。 为此，Newton特别采访了美国国家药物滥用研究所（NIDA）所长，诺拉·沃尔科夫（Nora Volkow）博士。来听听这位药物依赖的顶级专家如何看待由食物引发的依赖以及肥胖问题吧！ 诺拉·沃尔科夫（Nora Vo

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