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ESC2016:血脂异常管理 哪些才是目标?

2016-08-27 麦憬霆 心血管时间

血脂管理是心血管疾病治疗的重要手段之一。总胆固醇(TC)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL-c)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL-c)和甘油三酯(TG)是临床上常用的血脂检查指标。那么,当患者发生血脂异常时,这些指标的管理目标是什么

血脂管理是心血管疾病治疗的重要手段之一。总胆固醇(TC)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL-c)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL-c)和甘油三酯(TG)是临床上常用的血脂检查指标。那么,当患者发生血脂异常时,这些指标的管理目标是什么?


2016 年 8 月 27 日~31 日,欧洲心脏病学会年会(ESC2016)在意大利罗马盛大召开。来自意大利的 Luigina GUASTI 教授在 ESC 2016 上带来她的建议。


LDL-c :不同风险级别患者有不同目标水平



图 1 大会现场图片


血脂管理的首要目标显而易见:LDL-c。


为了使患者达到正常的 LDL-c 水平,临床医生应对每个患者进行个体化的风险评估。ESC/EAS 指南建议 40 岁到 65 岁成人结合 LDL-c 指标水平,以估算 10 年心血管疾病死亡风险,并筛选出不同风险级别的患者,进行个体化治疗。


图 2 高风险国家 10 年心血管疾病死亡风险评分表


图 3 低风险国家 10 年心血管疾病死亡风险评分表


GUASTI 教授介绍,根据最新发布的 2016 ESC 心血管疾病防治指南,以上评分能够帮助临床医生识别不同风险级别的患者,而不同风险级别的患者有不同的 LDL-c 目标水平:


低到中度风险患者(评分<5%),LDL-c 目标水平<70 mg/dL;


高风险患者(评分 ≥ 5% 并 <10%),LDL-c 目标水平<100 mg/dL;


极高风险患者(评分 ≥ 10%),LDL-c 目标水平<115 mg/dL。



图 4 血脂指标水平控制的建议


那么,问题来了:如何通过治疗达到不同的 LDL-c 目标水平? 研究结果显示,中效他汀类药物能使 LDL-c 下降 30%~50%,而强效他汀类药物能有效降低 LDL-c  50% 以上。与此同时,PCSK9 抑制剂也能有效降低 LDL-c 达 48.86%。


此外,临床上不乏家族性高胆固醇症(FH)患者,对此 GUASTI 教授也给出了诊断建议:


>8 分,可诊断为 FH;


6~8 分,很可能是 FH;


3~5 分,可能是 FH。


对于 FH 患者,LDL-c 的管理目标水平应以年龄区分:


儿童<135 mg/dL;


成人<100 mg/dL;


CHD 或糖尿病患者<70 mg/dL。


TG、HDL-c :暂无明确目标水平


对于 TG 和 HDL-c ,指南暂无明确的目标水平推荐。但建议男性 HDL-c > 40 mg/dL 、女性 HDL-c > 45 mg/dL ,TG <150 mg/dL,这样患者风险较低。


GUASTI 教授建议,患者可通过戒烟、运动和饮食改善使 HDL-c 和 TG 达到正常水平。



图 5 血脂异常目标水平管理

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    2016-09-25 1e10c84am36(暂无匿称)

    文章很好值得关注

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    2016-08-30 大旺旺

    值得学习

    0

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    2016-08-29 医路开来

    学习啦,谢谢分享

    0

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    2016-08-29 doctorJiangchao

    继续学习

    0

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    2016-08-29 doctorJiangchao

    继续关注

    0

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