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Alzheimers Dement:延长生育期的妇女患痴呆症的风险更高

2021-07-06 Viho MedSci原创

患痴呆症的人数最多的是在80岁以后,这一年龄组的妇女患痴呆症的风险最高。雌激素暴露被认为是一种可能的解释。

患痴呆症的人数最多的是在80岁以后,这一年龄组的妇女患痴呆症的风险最高。雌激素暴露被认为是一种可能的解释。科学家们提出疑问为什么女性在85岁以后患痴呆症和阿尔茨海默病的风险比男性高,并为雌激素影响女性痴呆症风险的假设提供了进一步支持。

哥德堡大学的一项基于人口的研究显示,与那些生育期较短的妇女相比,生育期较长的妇女在老年时患痴呆症的风险较高。这项研究现在发表在Alzheimer's & Dementia杂志上,涵盖了1968年至2012年期间在统称为 "哥德堡妇女前瞻性人口研究"(PPSW)和 "瑞典哥德堡H70出生队列研究"(H70研究)中被跟踪的1364名妇女。生育期 "跨越了从月经初潮到月经停止的绝经期之间的几年。

在所研究的生殖期较短(32.6年或更短)的妇女中,16%(333人中的53人)患上了痴呆症。在生育期较长(38年或以上)的妇女群体中,24%(364人中的88人)患上了痴呆症。因此,差异为8个百分点。

对妇女的前瞻性人口研究和哥德堡H70出生队列研究,在本研究的分析样本中,以及与痴呆发病率有关的复查中。

该研究显示,妇女每多生育一年,痴呆症和阿尔茨海默病的风险就会相继增加。对于那些85岁以后发病的痴呆症患者来说,这种关联是最强的,而且这种影响与绝经时的年龄关系最密切。这些结果在调整了其他有影响的因素后仍然存在,如教育程度、身体活动、BMI、吸烟和血管疾病。另一方面,没有发现痴呆风险与初潮年龄、怀孕次数、母乳喂养时间或以荷尔蒙替代疗法(HRT)或口服避孕药形式服用的外源性雌激素之间存在关联。

妇女生活中出现影响雌激素水平的几个因素,例如怀孕、分娩和母乳喂养。怀孕会极大地提高雌激素水平;一旦婴儿出生,雌激素水平就会下降,妇女进行母乳喂养,雌激素水平会下降到极低的水平。雌激素的不同结果可能是由于它在生命早期具有保护作用,但内源性雌激素暴露时间过长,就可能是有害的,例如妇女生育期的长短是众多痴呆症风险因素中的一个。

多数绝经期被推迟的妇女不会仅仅因为这个因素而患上痴呆症。这项研究可能提供了一条线索,说明为什么女性在85岁以后(最常见的发病年龄)患痴呆症的风险比男性高。另一方面,阿尔茨海默病在其症状变得明显之前约20年就开始发展。大多数受影响的人都在80岁以上,而且是女性。

作为全球老龄化的结果,受痴呆症影响的人数将增加。为了能够实施预防策略,我们需要正确认识痴呆症,早期树立预防意识。

文章参考:Jenna Najar, Svante Östling, Margda Waern, Anna Zettergren, Silke Kern, Hanna Wetterberg, Tore Hällström, Ingmar Skoog. Reproductive period and dementia: A 44year longitudinal population study of Swedish womenAlzheimer's & Dementia, 2020; 16 (8): 1153 DOI: 10.1002/alz.12118

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    2022-04-13 Boyinsh
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    2022-04-05 anminleiryan
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    2021-07-07 ms2658711348342440

    早点生孩子

    0

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    2021-07-06 junJUN

    老年人痴呆何药可用??

    0

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