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PNAS:持续感染如何为机体提供长期免疫保护?新研究揭示其中原因

2017-01-20 佚名 生物谷

许多感染性疾病都是发生一次之后,病人就会对相同疾病获得免疫。对于其中一些感染来说——以水痘为例——会有一小部分微生物在症状消退之后仍然残存于体内,当人的免疫力因年龄或疾病发生下降,这些微生物会重新活跃起来并引起疾病再次发生。来自华盛顿大学医学院的研究人员通过对利什曼病进行研究,为长期感染与长期免疫之间存在的看似矛盾的联系找到了一个解释。这种热带疾病每年杀死数万人。通过持续提醒免疫系统引起利


许多感染性疾病都是发生一次之后,病人就会对相同疾病获得免疫。对于其中一些感染来说——以水痘为例——会有一小部分微生物在症状消退之后仍然残存于体内,当人的免疫力因年龄或疾病发生下降,这些微生物会重新活跃起来并引起疾病再次发生。

来自华盛顿大学医学院的研究人员通过对利什曼病进行研究,为长期感染与长期免疫之间存在的看似矛盾的联系找到了一个解释。这种热带疾病每年杀死数万人。通过持续提醒免疫系统引起利什曼病的寄生虫长什么样子,持续感染能够让免疫系统保持警觉,对抗新的入侵者。

相关研究结果发表在国际学术期刊PNAS上。

“许多病原体会引起持续感染,但是其中的过程仍然是一个黑匣子。没人知道在持续感染过程中到底发生了什么,为何会与免疫有关。”该研究第一作者Michael Mandell这样说道。

普遍认为病人从利什曼病中恢复以后体内仍残存寄生虫,寄生虫的持续存在可能对于人类宿主来说有一定好处。对小鼠进行的研究曾表明完全清除寄生虫常会导致动物容易受到再次感染。

研究发现大多数寄生虫居住在能够杀死它们的免疫细胞中,尽管居住的环境很危险但是这些寄生虫的形状和尺寸仍然看起来很正常。除此之外寄生虫还会进行扩增,而寄生虫的总数会维持在一个稳定的水平。

寄居着寄生虫的免疫细胞主要负责杀死病原体,激活更强的免疫应答。研究人员认为正是寄生虫持续扩增以及被免疫细胞杀伤的过程导致了与持续感染相关的长期免疫,这也解释了为何病人再次碰到相同病原体不会出现疾病症状。

“看起来我们的免疫记忆有时也需要得到提醒。随着病原体的持续扩增和被杀伤,它们能够不断刺激免疫系统,让免疫系统时刻准备应对寄生虫造成的再次感染。”Mandell这样说道。

这些发现表明持续感染除了会造成一些危险,也会带来一些好处。想要开发可以诱发长期免疫的疫苗可能需要既能持续存在又不会使人致病的活疫苗。

原始出处 

Michael A. Mandella,1 and Stephen M. Beverleya,2.Continual renewal and replication of persistent Leishmania major parasites in concomitantly immune hosts.PNAS.2016

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  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2025379, encodeId=71a420253e9a4, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=1c0f28959c4' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#免疫保护#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=88, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=28959, encryptionId=1c0f28959c4, topicName=免疫保护)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=ced3193, createdName=freve, createdTime=Fri Oct 13 17:45:00 CST 2017, time=2017-10-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1855952, encodeId=584018559524d, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f32014428fc' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#PNAS#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=79, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=14428, encryptionId=f32014428fc, topicName=PNAS)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=08e964, createdName=drwjr, createdTime=Mon Jul 03 18:45:00 CST 2017, time=2017-07-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=171746, encodeId=c9621e174607, content=谢谢,学习知识, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=90, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160718/IMG578C993D395567540.jpg, createdBy=59b81918946, createdName=flysky120, createdTime=Sat Jan 21 09:22:06 CST 2017, time=2017-01-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=171575, encodeId=10ed1e1575ca, content=好好学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=120, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=45101626056, createdName=忠诚向上, createdTime=Fri Jan 20 11:33:50 CST 2017, time=2017-01-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=171560, encodeId=9a281e156057, content=感染不是坏事,提高机体抵抗力。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=108, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=01bb1684217, createdName=医张生, createdTime=Fri Jan 20 10:43:15 CST 2017, time=2017-01-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=171559, encodeId=791e1e1559b3, content=不错的研究,, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=115, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/ajNVdqHZLLANdGNYWvk9OTHBSjRCzaGx04BNarqydV8842u14zqzKAwdlCIR1FFkX9F009HlTrADV6uUOiabReA/0, createdBy=ebc61983133, createdName=1e1896dfm83(暂无匿称), createdTime=Fri Jan 20 10:40:09 CST 2017, time=2017-01-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=171557, encodeId=f5321e1557bb, content=什么时候可以获得长期免疫, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=112, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160916/IMG57DBEDBBA66BD2947.jpg, createdBy=3b181951777, createdName=ren1mw, createdTime=Fri Jan 20 10:31:11 CST 2017, time=2017-01-20, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-07-03 drwjr
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    2017-01-21 flysky120

    谢谢,学习知识

    0

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    2017-01-20 忠诚向上

    好好学习

    0

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    2017-01-20 医张生

    感染不是坏事,提高机体抵抗力。

    0

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    2017-01-20 1e1896dfm83(暂无匿称)

    不错的研究,

    0

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    2017-01-20 ren1mw

    什么时候可以获得长期免疫

    0

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