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Cell:内质网钙库Ca2+释放的新通道CLAC被发现

2016-05-20 佚名 中国生物物理学会

Ca2+是生物体中最重要的信号分子之一,它广泛参与了人体的多种生理活动。因此,钙信号系统的紊乱,与很多重大疾病密切相关。Ca2+能发挥细胞信使的功能,是由于胞浆中Ca2+(nM)与胞内钙库(如内质网、肌浆网; mM)和细胞外Ca2+(mM)之间存在浓度梯度,一些生理或病理刺激会使胞内Ca2+浓度大幅度提高,激活下游的靶蛋白,从而引起一系列的生理生化活动。胞内Ca2+浓度的升高来源于两条途径,即胞外

Ca2+是生物体中最重要的信号分子之一,它广泛参与了人体的多种生理活动。因此,钙信号系统的紊乱,与很多重大疾病密切相关。Ca2+能发挥细胞信使的功能,是由于胞浆中Ca2+(nM)与胞内钙库(如内质网、肌浆网; mM)和细胞外Ca2+(mM)之间存在浓度梯度,一些生理或病理刺激会使胞内Ca2+浓度大幅度提高,激活下游的靶蛋白,从而引起一系列的生理生化活动。胞内Ca2+浓度的升高来源于两条途径,即胞外的Ca2+内流和胞内钙库的释放,不同类型的细胞对这两种途径的依赖程度不同。

作为重要的胞内钙库,内质网钙库稳态的维持非常重要,因为其内的Ca2+浓度过高或过低都会影响下游信号的精确性和准确性。目前已知的内质网钙库的调控途径有内质网钙释放激活的钙(Ca2+ Release Activated Ca2+, CRAC)通道: 即内质网中的钙排空可以激活细胞质膜上的CRAC,从而导致胞外钙内流,使内质网中的钙库得到补充。然而,当内质网中的Ca2+浓度过高即Ca2+过载时,细胞如何应对以降低钙库内的Ca2+浓度还一直处于未知状态。

近年来,中国科学院动物研究所唐铁山课题组与美国克利夫兰州立大学周爱民课题组、中国科学院动物研究所陈佺课题组、中国科学院上海药物所李扬课题组等合作,他们在研究调控脑面胸发育异常(患者主要以痴呆和颅面胸畸形为特征)的TMCO1基因时发现,该基因编码的蛋白定位于内质网上,是一个可以感知内质网中Ca2+浓度的跨膜蛋白。当内质网中的Ca2+浓度过高时,TMCO1便形成具有钙离子通道活性的四聚体,将内质网中过多的钙离子排出,因此本文的研究人员们将TMCO1蛋白赋予功能性的命名—CLAC (Ca2+Load Activated Ca2+)通道,即内质网钙过载激活的钙通道。一旦内质网中的Ca2+浓度恢复到正常水平,四聚体便发生解聚,钙通道活性消失。细胞通过该通道蛋白可逆的聚合/解聚,实现了对内质网钙库状态的实时监测和调控。

进一步的研究发现,TMCO1基因敲除小鼠能够模拟痴呆-颅面胸畸形患者的主要病理特征,并证实了模型小鼠中细胞的钙稳态确实存在严重的失衡,推测内质网中钙浓度过高很可能是导致患者痴呆和颅面胸畸形的主要原因。

这些研究5月20日在线发表于Cell上,文章题为“TMCO1 Is an ER Ca2+Load-Activated Ca2+ Channel

CLAC通道维持内质网钙库钙稳态模式图(Cell,2016,DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2016.04.051)

唐铁山研究员认为,CLAC通道的发现诚然为阐明脑-颅面-胸发育异常综合症的病理机制提供了重要线索,也为治疗其他钙稳态失衡导致的疾病,如帕金森病和老年痴呆,带来了曙光—未来研发出CLAC通道的激活剂有可能作为治疗此类疾病的药物,但CLAC通道的发现作为一个在钙信号调控领域中的原创性突破具有同样重要的意义。如果把内质网钙库比喻为一个水库,长久以来人们只知道水库水位过低时是怎样注水的,却不知道水位过高时怎样泻水。而今,泄水的闸门(CLAC通道)被发现了,内质网钙库的稳态调控机制也终于完整了。

原始出处:

Qiao-Chu Wang, Qiaoxia Zheng,et al.TMCO1 Is an ER Ca2+ Load-Activated Ca2+ Channel.Cell.2016.04.051

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  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1959640, encodeId=87c8195964070, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=dbe6445416' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#CEL#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=58, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4454, encryptionId=dbe6445416, topicName=CEL)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c3ff68, createdName=维他命, createdTime=Mon Feb 06 14:51:00 CST 2017, time=2017-02-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1740750, encodeId=baad1e407505a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=fbdd9633949' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#钙库#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=55, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=96339, encryptionId=fbdd9633949, topicName=钙库)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=76ec34803057, createdName=ms1692810954239974, createdTime=Fri Jun 10 11:51:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1869383, encodeId=2b711869383b0, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=fd764459a8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Cell#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=52, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4459, encryptionId=fd764459a8, topicName=Cell)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=524d95, createdName=zhaozhouchifen, createdTime=Tue Jun 21 06:51:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1780506, encodeId=24e41e80506af, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=0b19393e3b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Ca2+#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=59, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=3937, encryptionId=0b19393e3b, topicName=Ca2+)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTLIQxicGuURvblbKDmmdLreAdrFKYA57y7viabog6mfk8dXQpQzYCf0ibcgoMnFrQ2MiaV8Iic4ocdhEfw/132, createdBy=0e3a2500177, createdName=ms1692810954239974, createdTime=Fri May 27 18:51:00 CST 2016, time=2016-05-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1602839, encodeId=9ca316028390d, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=e0b5393680' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#CA2#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=73, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=3936, encryptionId=e0b5393680, topicName=CA2)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=03ab18968787, createdName=TZF0810, createdTime=Sun May 22 04:51:00 CST 2016, time=2016-05-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=86737, encodeId=be3286e37c6, content=关键性发现, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=103, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=c4a5105539, createdName=lovetcm, createdTime=Sat May 21 08:59:00 CST 2016, time=2016-05-21, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-05-22 TZF0810
  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1959640, encodeId=87c8195964070, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=dbe6445416' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#CEL#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=58, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4454, encryptionId=dbe6445416, topicName=CEL)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c3ff68, createdName=维他命, createdTime=Mon Feb 06 14:51:00 CST 2017, time=2017-02-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1740750, encodeId=baad1e407505a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=fbdd9633949' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#钙库#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=55, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=96339, encryptionId=fbdd9633949, topicName=钙库)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=76ec34803057, createdName=ms1692810954239974, createdTime=Fri Jun 10 11:51:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1869383, encodeId=2b711869383b0, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=fd764459a8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Cell#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=52, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4459, encryptionId=fd764459a8, topicName=Cell)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=524d95, createdName=zhaozhouchifen, createdTime=Tue Jun 21 06:51:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1780506, encodeId=24e41e80506af, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=0b19393e3b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Ca2+#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=59, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=3937, encryptionId=0b19393e3b, topicName=Ca2+)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTLIQxicGuURvblbKDmmdLreAdrFKYA57y7viabog6mfk8dXQpQzYCf0ibcgoMnFrQ2MiaV8Iic4ocdhEfw/132, createdBy=0e3a2500177, createdName=ms1692810954239974, createdTime=Fri May 27 18:51:00 CST 2016, time=2016-05-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1602839, encodeId=9ca316028390d, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=e0b5393680' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#CA2#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=73, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=3936, encryptionId=e0b5393680, topicName=CA2)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=03ab18968787, createdName=TZF0810, createdTime=Sun May 22 04:51:00 CST 2016, time=2016-05-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=86737, encodeId=be3286e37c6, content=关键性发现, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=103, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=c4a5105539, createdName=lovetcm, createdTime=Sat May 21 08:59:00 CST 2016, time=2016-05-21, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-05-21 lovetcm

    关键性发现

    0

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