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Science:霍乱弧菌掠夺其它细菌DNA的分子机理

2015-01-06 佚名 生物谷

当霍乱弧菌感染机体小肠时就会引发霍乱,该疾病的主要特点为急性水样腹泻引发的严重脱水,近日,来自瑞士洛桑联邦理工学院(EPFL)的科学家通过研究阐明,霍乱弧菌可以利用很小的“矛”可以刺穿并且杀灭周围的细菌,随后“窃取”走这些细菌的DNA,这种机制称之为水平基因转移,霍乱弧菌利用这种机制就可以变得非常具有毒力,相关研究发表于国际著名杂志Science上。 文章中,研究人员将霍乱弧菌所利用的“矛”一样

当霍乱弧菌感染机体小肠时就会引发霍乱,该疾病的主要特点为急性水样腹泻引发的严重脱水,近日,来自瑞士洛桑联邦理工学院(EPFL)的科学家通过研究阐明,霍乱弧菌可以利用很小的“矛”可以刺穿并且杀灭周围的细菌,随后“窃取”走这些细菌的DNA,这种机制称之为水平基因转移,霍乱弧菌利用这种机制就可以变得非常具有毒力,相关研究发表于国际著名杂志Science上。

文章中,研究人员将霍乱弧菌所利用的“矛”一样的突起称之为6型分泌系统(T6SS,type VI secretion system),这种系统在许多细菌中都存在,当霍乱弧菌距离其它细菌非常近时其就会利用T6SS在附近细菌细胞表面打洞,进而引发这些细菌死亡,释放出遗传物质,随后霍乱弧菌就会吸收这些释放出来的遗传物质。

这种由T6SS引发的霍乱弧菌的掠夺行为是通过细菌的环境所诱发的,霍乱弧菌在自然状态下生活于水中,比如海洋,在那里其可以吸附到较小的浮游生物表面,以浮游生物表面的壳多糖为食物,当食物充足时细菌就会进入到恶性的生存模式下,其会吸附到周围细菌表面来杀灭这些细菌,“抢夺”这些细菌细胞中的DNA。

研究者Melanie Blokesch说道,本文中我们将霍乱弧菌暴露于上述环境中来研究其生存行为,我们检测了第七次霍乱大流行时的不同霍乱弧菌的生存方式,实验中我们将细菌置于壳聚糖表面,来刺激细菌的自然行为,结果显示,T6SS并不仅仅是霍乱弧菌所具有的天然生存系统,而其该系统还可以帮助促进基因在细菌间的传递,从而使得霍乱弧菌更加耐药。

利用DNA“收购”的模式,单个的霍乱弧菌就会吸收包含超过40个基因的DNA片段,从而使其更加具有竞争力,可以在极端条件下生存;水平基因转移是细菌间的一种广泛的现象,其可以帮助促进细菌毒力因子以及抗生素耐药性的分散,另外T6SS介导的杀细菌效应的激活也可以帮助细菌感染人类机体,从而引发难以治愈的慢性疾病。

最后研究者表示,本文的研究结果为进一步理解霍乱弧菌的致病机制提供了新的线索,也为后期开发治疗霍乱弧菌感染的新型疗法提供了希望和帮助。

原始出处

Sandrine Borgeaud, Lisa C. Metzger, Tiziana Scrignari, Melanie Blokesch*.The type VI secretion system of Vibrio cholerae fosters horizontal gene transfer.Science.2014

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    2015-01-08 klivis
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    2015-01-08 jichang

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