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如何通过SPSS软件实现随机化过程?

2015-08-16 陶立元 赵一鸣 临床流行病学和循证医学

随机过程是临床研究过程中至关重要的一部分。在前面的内容中我们也讲过了很多关于随机和随机数的内容,请大家参阅旧的目录。本期将跟大家一起讨论一下如何通过SPSS来实现随机化过程。 在说之前,先跟大家聊一聊随机数的类型,随机数有真随机数(True Random Number)和伪随机数(Pseudo Random Number)之分。我们平时所使用的无论什么程序产生的随机数都是伪随机数,它是有“种

随机过程是临床研究过程中至关重要的一部分。在前面的内容中我们也讲过了很多关于随机和随机数的内容,请大家参阅旧的目录。本期将跟大家一起讨论一下如何通过SPSS来实现随机化过程。 在说之前,先跟大家聊一聊随机数的类型,随机数有真随机数(True Random Number)和伪随机数(Pseudo Random Number)之分。我们平时所使用的无论什么程序产生的随机数都是伪随机数,它是有“种子”的,种子决定了随机数的固定序列。而真随机数很多情况下只能看老天的眼色,比如掷骰子、布朗运动、量子效应、放射性衰变等等,所以说我们在临床研究中常用的软件产生随机数的方法都是伪随机数,伪随机数虽然不具有完全的随机性,但是已经足够用了。 总体上SPSS为随机化提供了两类过程,第一类过程直接进行随机抽样或分组,第二类过程只生成随机数字,需要研究者依据随机数字自己去进行随机抽样或分组。 在上述过程中,我们都可以选择采用“随机种子数”或“固定种子数”两种方式来产生随机数。采用“随机种子数”时,随机数字不可重现;采用“固定种子数”时,随机数字可以重现出来。由于SPSS的syntax不是所有人都常用,在此就不说

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  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=50158, encodeId=41a650158fc, content=顶, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=157, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/Pw2csslt7CukWiabqiblnQAbAss3ANsjUWZKUgN2n3JyJDHOJJAxibetNCiaEh70YckbPPTELyyStMZ8T3Q340icNSXgj72MowgTC/0, createdBy=188f1666747, createdName=1de00086m73(暂无匿称), createdTime=Tue Dec 29 12:44:00 CST 2015, time=2015-12-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=46983, encodeId=380e4698335, content=好好学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=104, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20200609/ef6a57dbe7f1489dad7446b7c5217858/d5e4fe65996c4446a029b0f5d056abb1.jpg, createdBy=6b011518214, createdName=午夜星河, createdTime=Mon Dec 21 17:59:00 CST 2015, time=2015-12-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=35924, encodeId=98e03592463, content=学习了,谢谢!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=134, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/DYAIOgq83eoFN9WMUV2y7pwicc6emghUq5GZn4LtM8XNMMvu6QHuqZEwSf5aWZF1WlHezX324J4icYwZoic4PNJmA/132, createdBy=2d7e1628725, createdName=榕城小Ruan, createdTime=Fri Aug 21 13:31:00 CST 2015, time=2015-08-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=35768, encodeId=cce835e681d, content=学习了,很方便!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=118, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=99861411145, createdName=liyumei7511, createdTime=Mon Aug 17 21:42:00 CST 2015, time=2015-08-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=35758, encodeId=bf0335e58e0, content=有点晕, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=145, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=76aa1638509, createdName=1dd9c7cbm78(暂无匿称), createdTime=Mon Aug 17 19:12:00 CST 2015, time=2015-08-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=35743, encodeId=779735e431a, content=学习了,很实用, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=78, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=11fc1635944, createdName=DocterSunshine, createdTime=Mon Aug 17 18:35:00 CST 2015, time=2015-08-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=35705, encodeId=2f2b35e0581, content=好办法, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=131, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mONcle9pic3ykRSkuxjt93yc9tvDWfIQItrwiaKSCps5kyrTyDlwic2FgoCWe88wR3ZiaggKYGueDIp26zVgnbzriaQ/0, createdBy=89d71602869, createdName=sundong, createdTime=Mon Aug 17 07:36:00 CST 2015, time=2015-08-17, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-12-21 午夜星河

    好好学习

    0

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    2015-08-21 榕城小Ruan

    学习了,谢谢!

    0

  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=50158, encodeId=41a650158fc, content=顶, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=157, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/Pw2csslt7CukWiabqiblnQAbAss3ANsjUWZKUgN2n3JyJDHOJJAxibetNCiaEh70YckbPPTELyyStMZ8T3Q340icNSXgj72MowgTC/0, createdBy=188f1666747, createdName=1de00086m73(暂无匿称), createdTime=Tue Dec 29 12:44:00 CST 2015, time=2015-12-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=46983, encodeId=380e4698335, content=好好学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=104, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20200609/ef6a57dbe7f1489dad7446b7c5217858/d5e4fe65996c4446a029b0f5d056abb1.jpg, createdBy=6b011518214, createdName=午夜星河, createdTime=Mon Dec 21 17:59:00 CST 2015, time=2015-12-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=35924, encodeId=98e03592463, content=学习了,谢谢!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=134, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/DYAIOgq83eoFN9WMUV2y7pwicc6emghUq5GZn4LtM8XNMMvu6QHuqZEwSf5aWZF1WlHezX324J4icYwZoic4PNJmA/132, createdBy=2d7e1628725, createdName=榕城小Ruan, createdTime=Fri Aug 21 13:31:00 CST 2015, time=2015-08-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=35768, encodeId=cce835e681d, content=学习了,很方便!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=118, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=99861411145, createdName=liyumei7511, createdTime=Mon Aug 17 21:42:00 CST 2015, time=2015-08-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=35758, encodeId=bf0335e58e0, content=有点晕, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=145, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=76aa1638509, createdName=1dd9c7cbm78(暂无匿称), createdTime=Mon Aug 17 19:12:00 CST 2015, time=2015-08-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=35743, encodeId=779735e431a, content=学习了,很实用, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=78, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=11fc1635944, createdName=DocterSunshine, createdTime=Mon Aug 17 18:35:00 CST 2015, time=2015-08-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=35705, encodeId=2f2b35e0581, content=好办法, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=131, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mONcle9pic3ykRSkuxjt93yc9tvDWfIQItrwiaKSCps5kyrTyDlwic2FgoCWe88wR3ZiaggKYGueDIp26zVgnbzriaQ/0, createdBy=89d71602869, createdName=sundong, createdTime=Mon Aug 17 07:36:00 CST 2015, time=2015-08-17, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-08-17 liyumei7511

    学习了,很方便!

    0

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    2015-08-17 1dd9c7cbm78(暂无匿称)

    有点晕

    0

  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=50158, encodeId=41a650158fc, content=顶, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=157, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/Pw2csslt7CukWiabqiblnQAbAss3ANsjUWZKUgN2n3JyJDHOJJAxibetNCiaEh70YckbPPTELyyStMZ8T3Q340icNSXgj72MowgTC/0, createdBy=188f1666747, createdName=1de00086m73(暂无匿称), createdTime=Tue Dec 29 12:44:00 CST 2015, time=2015-12-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=46983, encodeId=380e4698335, content=好好学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=104, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20200609/ef6a57dbe7f1489dad7446b7c5217858/d5e4fe65996c4446a029b0f5d056abb1.jpg, createdBy=6b011518214, createdName=午夜星河, createdTime=Mon Dec 21 17:59:00 CST 2015, time=2015-12-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=35924, encodeId=98e03592463, content=学习了,谢谢!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=134, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/DYAIOgq83eoFN9WMUV2y7pwicc6emghUq5GZn4LtM8XNMMvu6QHuqZEwSf5aWZF1WlHezX324J4icYwZoic4PNJmA/132, createdBy=2d7e1628725, createdName=榕城小Ruan, createdTime=Fri Aug 21 13:31:00 CST 2015, time=2015-08-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=35768, encodeId=cce835e681d, content=学习了,很方便!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=118, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=99861411145, createdName=liyumei7511, createdTime=Mon Aug 17 21:42:00 CST 2015, time=2015-08-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=35758, encodeId=bf0335e58e0, content=有点晕, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=145, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=76aa1638509, createdName=1dd9c7cbm78(暂无匿称), createdTime=Mon Aug 17 19:12:00 CST 2015, time=2015-08-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=35743, encodeId=779735e431a, content=学习了,很实用, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=78, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=11fc1635944, createdName=DocterSunshine, createdTime=Mon Aug 17 18:35:00 CST 2015, time=2015-08-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=35705, encodeId=2f2b35e0581, content=好办法, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=131, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mONcle9pic3ykRSkuxjt93yc9tvDWfIQItrwiaKSCps5kyrTyDlwic2FgoCWe88wR3ZiaggKYGueDIp26zVgnbzriaQ/0, createdBy=89d71602869, createdName=sundong, createdTime=Mon Aug 17 07:36:00 CST 2015, time=2015-08-17, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-08-17 DocterSunshine

    学习了,很实用

    0

  7. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=50158, encodeId=41a650158fc, content=顶, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=157, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/Pw2csslt7CukWiabqiblnQAbAss3ANsjUWZKUgN2n3JyJDHOJJAxibetNCiaEh70YckbPPTELyyStMZ8T3Q340icNSXgj72MowgTC/0, createdBy=188f1666747, createdName=1de00086m73(暂无匿称), createdTime=Tue Dec 29 12:44:00 CST 2015, time=2015-12-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=46983, encodeId=380e4698335, content=好好学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=104, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20200609/ef6a57dbe7f1489dad7446b7c5217858/d5e4fe65996c4446a029b0f5d056abb1.jpg, createdBy=6b011518214, createdName=午夜星河, createdTime=Mon Dec 21 17:59:00 CST 2015, time=2015-12-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=35924, encodeId=98e03592463, content=学习了,谢谢!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=134, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/DYAIOgq83eoFN9WMUV2y7pwicc6emghUq5GZn4LtM8XNMMvu6QHuqZEwSf5aWZF1WlHezX324J4icYwZoic4PNJmA/132, createdBy=2d7e1628725, createdName=榕城小Ruan, createdTime=Fri Aug 21 13:31:00 CST 2015, time=2015-08-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=35768, encodeId=cce835e681d, content=学习了,很方便!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=118, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=99861411145, createdName=liyumei7511, createdTime=Mon Aug 17 21:42:00 CST 2015, time=2015-08-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=35758, encodeId=bf0335e58e0, content=有点晕, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=145, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=76aa1638509, createdName=1dd9c7cbm78(暂无匿称), createdTime=Mon Aug 17 19:12:00 CST 2015, time=2015-08-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=35743, encodeId=779735e431a, content=学习了,很实用, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=78, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=11fc1635944, createdName=DocterSunshine, createdTime=Mon Aug 17 18:35:00 CST 2015, time=2015-08-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=35705, encodeId=2f2b35e0581, content=好办法, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=131, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mONcle9pic3ykRSkuxjt93yc9tvDWfIQItrwiaKSCps5kyrTyDlwic2FgoCWe88wR3ZiaggKYGueDIp26zVgnbzriaQ/0, createdBy=89d71602869, createdName=sundong, createdTime=Mon Aug 17 07:36:00 CST 2015, time=2015-08-17, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-08-17 sundong

    好办法

    0

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