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共识要点:HER2阳性乳腺癌临床诊疗专家共识

2016-04-26 指南君 中华医学杂志

为了更好地推广规范的HER2标准检测,准确评估患者预后,发挥HER2靶向药物治疗的临床疗效,减少治疗盲目性,使更多患者获益。中国抗癌协会乳腺癌专业委员会专家组成员,根据2012年版共识,结合国内外研究结果,在2016年的乳腺癌高峰论坛会上正式发布了2016版《HER2阳性乳腺癌临床诊疗专家共识》。 指南内容涵盖了HER2标准化检测及结果判定、HER2阳性复发转移乳腺癌治疗、HER2阳

为了更好地推广规范的HER2标准检测,准确评估患者预后,发挥HER2靶向药物治疗的临床疗效,减少治疗盲目性,使更多患者获益。中国抗癌协会乳腺癌专业委员会专家组成员,根据2012年版共识,结合国内外研究结果,在2016年的乳腺癌高峰论坛会上正式发布了2016版《HER2阳性乳腺癌临床诊疗专家共识》。

指南内容涵盖了HER2标准化检测及结果判定、HER2阳性复发转移乳腺癌治疗、HER2阳性乳腺癌辅助治疗、HER2阳性乳腺癌新辅助治疗以及曲妥珠单抗心脏毒性管理,小编将指南主要内容整理如下。

HER2阳性复发转移乳腺癌治疗

1.基本原则:

(1)医师应充分告知所有HER2阳性复发转移乳腺癌患者,及时接受HER2靶向治疗的获益及必要性。

(2)尽管曲妥珠单抗单药治疗HER2阳性复发转移乳腺癌有一定疗效,但更多临床研究显示,曲妥珠单抗与多种化疗药物具有协同增效作用,联合化疗效果更好。

(3)蒽环类化疗药物治疗失败的HER2阳性复发转移乳腺癌,首选曲妥珠单抗联合紫杉类药物作为一线方案。曲妥珠单抗联合紫杉醇加卡铂,比曲妥珠单抗联合紫杉醇疗效更好;曲妥珠单抗联合多西他赛加卡培他滨(HTX),比曲妥珠单抗联合多西他赛疗效更好。

(4)紫杉类化疗药物治疗失败的HER2阳性乳腺癌,曲妥珠单抗也可以联合长春瑞滨、卡培他滨、吉西他滨等其他化疗药物。

(5)在曲妥珠单抗联合紫杉类药物的基础上加用帕妥珠单抗进一步延长患者生存。美国NCCN指南推荐帕妥珠单抗加曲妥珠单抗联合紫杉类药物是一线首选方案。但目前帕妥珠单抗尚未在国内批准上市,国内目前HER2阳性转移性乳腺癌一线首选仍是曲妥珠单抗联合紫杉类(HT)为主的化疗,可在此基础上联合卡培他滨(HTX)。

(6)HER2阳性、雌激素受体(ER)和(或)孕激素受体(PR)阳性的复发转移乳腺癌,优先考虑曲妥珠单抗联合化疗;部分不适合化疗或进展缓慢的患者如果考虑联合内分泌治疗,可在HER2靶向治疗的基础上联合芳香化酶抑制剂治疗。对于HER2靶向治疗联合化疗达到疾病稳定的患者,化疗停止后,可考虑使用HER2靶向治疗联合芳香化酶抑制剂维持治疗。

(7)患者接受曲妥珠单抗联合化疗时,有效化疗应持续至少6~8周期,同时取决于肿瘤疗效和患者对化疗的耐受程度。化疗停止后,可考虑曲妥珠单抗维持治疗。如患者获得完全缓解,HER2靶向治疗持续时间应权衡治疗毒性、经济负担等情况,也可以在病情完全缓解后数年,部分患者暂停抗HER2治疗,病情再度进展后可恢复使用以前曾使用获益的抗HER2药物治疗。

(8)HER2阳性晚期乳腺癌治疗过程中出现脑转移,如果颅外病灶未进展,经有效的局部治疗后,可考虑继续使用原靶向治疗方案。

2.曲妥珠单抗治疗出现疾病进展后治疗策略:

曲妥珠单抗治疗病情仍进展后,推荐继续使用抗HER2靶向治疗,目前可以选择以下治疗策略。

(1)拉帕替尼联合卡培他滨:与卡培他滨单药相比,拉帕替尼联合卡培他滨显著延长至疾病进展时间,因此,拉帕替尼联合卡培他滨是曲妥珠单抗治疗病情进展后的可选方案之一。

(2)继续使用曲妥珠单抗,更换其他化疗药物:临床前研究发现持续应用曲妥珠单抗可有效抑制肿瘤增殖,一旦停药,肿瘤会迅速生长。

(3)拉帕替尼联合曲妥珠单抗:拉帕替尼联合曲妥珠单抗与单用拉帕替尼相比,显著延长无进展生存期(PFS)和总生存时间(OS)。对不能耐受化疗的患者,可以考虑双靶向非细胞毒药物的方案,但目前缺乏曲妥珠单抗联合拉帕替尼优于曲妥珠单抗联合化疗的证据。

(4)T-DM1单药治疗:T-DM1单药治疗曲妥珠单抗治疗失败的HER2阳性转移性乳腺癌,疗效优于拉帕替尼联合卡培他滨方案。因此,T-DM1单药治疗是国际上目前曲妥珠单抗治疗失败后的二线首选治疗方案。

HER2阳性乳腺癌辅助治疗

1.基本原则:

曲妥珠单抗用于HER2阳性早期乳腺癌术后辅助治疗,明显提高HER2阳性早期乳腺癌治愈机会,显著降低复发和死亡风险。国际、国内乳腺癌治疗指南均推荐曲妥珠单抗作为HER2阳性早期乳腺癌辅助的标准治疗。而拉帕替尼辅助治疗临床研究均未取得阳性结果,不推荐拉帕替尼用于辅助治疗。

2.专家建议:

(1)建议尽量术后早期使用曲妥珠单抗,由于可能增加心脏毒性,不建议与蒽环类化疗药同时使用;但可与紫杉类化疗合用,可供选择的方案有:AC-TH、TCbH、TCH、TC4H(4个周期多西他赛、环磷酰胺联合曲妥珠单抗)方案和wPH方案等。曲妥珠单抗可以与辅助放疗、辅助内分泌治疗同时使用。

(2)无蒽环紫杉化疗禁忌的患者,推荐优选蒽环序贯紫杉类药物联合曲妥珠单抗方案(T1以上、N1以上、激素受体阴性、相对年轻<50岁)。

(3)TCH同样是优选方案:尤其是有蒽环类心脏毒性隐患的患者。

(4)对复发风险相对低的患者(如肿瘤≤2 cm、淋巴结阴性),也可考虑采用TC4H周期。

(5)对于原发灶≤1 cm、淋巴结阴性的患者,可考虑选择毒性更低的wPH方案。

(6)对于少部分不能耐受化疗,激素受体阳性的老年HER2阳性乳腺癌患者,曲妥珠单抗联合内分泌治疗也是可选方案。

(7)化疗后延迟使用,HERA研究证明,完成标准化疗后加用曲妥珠单抗可改善预后,还显示对于术后初始未接受曲妥珠单抗治疗的患者,2年内开始曲妥珠单抗治疗1年的患者复发风险显著降低,5年内开始使用曲妥珠单抗辅助治疗1年仍可获益。因此,建议辅助化疗时没有联合曲妥珠单抗的患者,化疗后应尽早开始使用曲妥珠单抗治疗;对于辅助化疗已经结束,但尚未出现复发转移的患者,仍可以考虑使用曲妥珠单抗。

3.用法用量:

曲妥珠单抗与紫杉类药物联合应用时,可以根据紫杉化疗药物的用法,采取周疗或每3周1次方案。每周方案时曲妥珠单抗首剂4 mg/kg,随后每周2 mg/kg;3周方案曲妥珠单抗首剂8 mg/kg,随后每3周6 mg/kg,连续使用1年。

4.曲妥珠单抗辅助治疗疗程:

目前研究证据,HER2阳性乳腺癌曲妥珠单抗辅助治疗标准的用药时间为1年。

HER2阳性乳腺癌新辅助治疗

专家建议:

(1)HER2阳性乳腺癌患者术前新辅助治疗应考虑含曲妥珠单抗的方案。

(2)可以选择蒽环和紫杉类序贯联合,在紫杉类用药的同时联合曲妥珠单抗治疗;如果选择含蒽环类的方案,要注意曲妥珠单抗联合蒽环不超过4个周期。

(3)鼓励研究者设计符合科学性和伦理学要求的临床研究。

(4)术前新辅助治疗用过曲妥珠单抗的患者,无论是否达到pCR,目前指南推荐术后应继续使用曲妥珠单抗,总疗程达1年。

曲妥珠单抗心脏毒性管理

1.曲妥珠单抗联合化疗药物,尤其是蒽环类化疗药物会增加心肌损害,严重者会发生心力衰竭。所以复发转移乳腺癌患者不推荐曲妥珠单抗联合蒽环类化疗,辅助治疗曲妥珠单抗要在蒽环类化疗后使用,新辅助治疗可以在严密观察下,曲妥珠单抗同步联合4周期内短程蒽环类化疗。

2.尽管临床研究观察心脏毒性事件发生率不高且多数可以恢复,但应该注意临床研究入选的病例是化疗后经过心脏功能的安全筛选。所以,临床实践中要对既往史、体格检查、心电图、超声心动图左心射血分数(LVEF)基线评估后再开始应用曲妥珠单抗,使用期间应该每3个月监测心功能。若患者有无症状性心功能不全,监测频率应更高(如每6~8周1次)。

3.当出现LVEF较治疗前绝对数值下降≥16%,或LVEF低于该检测中心正常范围并且LVEF较治疗前绝对数值下降≥10%时,应暂停曲妥珠单抗治疗至少4周,并每4周检测1次LVEF,4~8周内LVEF回升至正常范围,或LVEF较治疗前绝对数值下降≤15%,可恢复使用曲妥珠单抗。

4.但LVEF持续下降超过8周,或者3次以上因心脏问题而中断曲妥珠单抗治疗,应永久停止使用曲妥珠单抗。

内容节选自(有删减):江泽飞, 邵志敏, 徐兵河, 等.  人表皮生长因子受体2阳性乳腺癌临床诊疗专家共识2016. 中华医学杂志,2016,96( 14 ): 1091-1096.

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  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1844475, encodeId=7c7e18444e5fa, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=5d2f206482e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#专家共识#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=51, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=20648, encryptionId=5d2f206482e, topicName=专家共识)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=568152, createdName=snowpeakxu, createdTime=Mon Nov 21 12:10:00 CST 2016, time=2016-11-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=139348, encodeId=a15c13934859, content=深度好文,值得关注, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=117, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzdAIB7UwTkHt6fQkBP8ictliaXtc5gCUmYdAW1sAETC2nhO3q6YjRHkUibyOCtP8ibmXNObTyd63A076/0, createdBy=d4111948983, createdName=1e10c84am36(暂无匿称), createdTime=Mon Oct 03 09:31:00 CST 2016, time=2016-10-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=122012, encodeId=5058122012d4, content=好文章,百姓也能从中学到好多医学知识, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=112, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzdAIB7UwTkHt6fQkBP8ictliaXtc5gCUmYdAW1sAETC2nhO3q6YjRHkUibyOCtP8ibmXNObTyd63A076/0, createdBy=d4111948983, createdName=1e10c84am36(暂无匿称), createdTime=Sun Sep 11 08:03:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=95574, encodeId=d42a955e456, content=学习啦!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=99, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=93f31631454, createdName=1dd8c52fm63(暂无匿称), createdTime=Tue Aug 02 22:06:00 CST 2016, time=2016-08-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1740924, encodeId=9b8a1e409243a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=095623025c9' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#临床诊疗#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=63, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=23025, encryptionId=095623025c9, topicName=临床诊疗)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=330334842359, createdName=ms7524819409032184, createdTime=Tue Mar 28 17:10:00 CST 2017, time=2017-03-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1797747, encodeId=3e2b1e97747d2, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=cccd23e31c0' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#乳腺癌临床#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=53, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=23731, encryptionId=cccd23e31c0, topicName=乳腺癌临床)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=7dc7399, createdName=apoenzyme, createdTime=Wed Jan 18 07:10:00 CST 2017, time=2017-01-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1308474, encodeId=9d2f13084e41b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=240f8e3234' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#HER2阳性#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=50, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=8732, encryptionId=240f8e3234, topicName=HER2阳性)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=8409354, createdName=闆锋旦, createdTime=Thu Apr 28 01:10:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-28, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-10-03 1e10c84am36(暂无匿称)

    深度好文,值得关注

    0

  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1844475, encodeId=7c7e18444e5fa, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=5d2f206482e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#专家共识#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=51, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=20648, encryptionId=5d2f206482e, topicName=专家共识)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=568152, createdName=snowpeakxu, createdTime=Mon Nov 21 12:10:00 CST 2016, time=2016-11-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=139348, encodeId=a15c13934859, content=深度好文,值得关注, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=117, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzdAIB7UwTkHt6fQkBP8ictliaXtc5gCUmYdAW1sAETC2nhO3q6YjRHkUibyOCtP8ibmXNObTyd63A076/0, createdBy=d4111948983, createdName=1e10c84am36(暂无匿称), createdTime=Mon Oct 03 09:31:00 CST 2016, time=2016-10-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=122012, encodeId=5058122012d4, content=好文章,百姓也能从中学到好多医学知识, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=112, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzdAIB7UwTkHt6fQkBP8ictliaXtc5gCUmYdAW1sAETC2nhO3q6YjRHkUibyOCtP8ibmXNObTyd63A076/0, createdBy=d4111948983, createdName=1e10c84am36(暂无匿称), createdTime=Sun Sep 11 08:03:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=95574, encodeId=d42a955e456, content=学习啦!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=99, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=93f31631454, createdName=1dd8c52fm63(暂无匿称), createdTime=Tue Aug 02 22:06:00 CST 2016, time=2016-08-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1740924, encodeId=9b8a1e409243a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=095623025c9' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#临床诊疗#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=63, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=23025, encryptionId=095623025c9, topicName=临床诊疗)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=330334842359, createdName=ms7524819409032184, createdTime=Tue Mar 28 17:10:00 CST 2017, time=2017-03-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1797747, encodeId=3e2b1e97747d2, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=cccd23e31c0' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#乳腺癌临床#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=53, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=23731, encryptionId=cccd23e31c0, topicName=乳腺癌临床)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=7dc7399, createdName=apoenzyme, createdTime=Wed Jan 18 07:10:00 CST 2017, time=2017-01-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1308474, encodeId=9d2f13084e41b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=240f8e3234' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#HER2阳性#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=50, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=8732, encryptionId=240f8e3234, topicName=HER2阳性)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=8409354, createdName=闆锋旦, createdTime=Thu Apr 28 01:10:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-28, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-09-11 1e10c84am36(暂无匿称)

    好文章,百姓也能从中学到好多医学知识

    0

  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1844475, encodeId=7c7e18444e5fa, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=5d2f206482e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#专家共识#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=51, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=20648, encryptionId=5d2f206482e, topicName=专家共识)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=568152, createdName=snowpeakxu, createdTime=Mon Nov 21 12:10:00 CST 2016, time=2016-11-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=139348, encodeId=a15c13934859, content=深度好文,值得关注, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=117, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzdAIB7UwTkHt6fQkBP8ictliaXtc5gCUmYdAW1sAETC2nhO3q6YjRHkUibyOCtP8ibmXNObTyd63A076/0, createdBy=d4111948983, createdName=1e10c84am36(暂无匿称), createdTime=Mon Oct 03 09:31:00 CST 2016, time=2016-10-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=122012, encodeId=5058122012d4, content=好文章,百姓也能从中学到好多医学知识, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=112, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzdAIB7UwTkHt6fQkBP8ictliaXtc5gCUmYdAW1sAETC2nhO3q6YjRHkUibyOCtP8ibmXNObTyd63A076/0, createdBy=d4111948983, createdName=1e10c84am36(暂无匿称), createdTime=Sun Sep 11 08:03:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=95574, encodeId=d42a955e456, content=学习啦!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=99, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=93f31631454, createdName=1dd8c52fm63(暂无匿称), createdTime=Tue Aug 02 22:06:00 CST 2016, time=2016-08-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1740924, encodeId=9b8a1e409243a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=095623025c9' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#临床诊疗#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=63, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=23025, encryptionId=095623025c9, topicName=临床诊疗)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=330334842359, createdName=ms7524819409032184, createdTime=Tue Mar 28 17:10:00 CST 2017, time=2017-03-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1797747, encodeId=3e2b1e97747d2, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=cccd23e31c0' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#乳腺癌临床#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=53, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=23731, encryptionId=cccd23e31c0, topicName=乳腺癌临床)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=7dc7399, createdName=apoenzyme, createdTime=Wed Jan 18 07:10:00 CST 2017, time=2017-01-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1308474, encodeId=9d2f13084e41b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=240f8e3234' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#HER2阳性#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=50, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=8732, encryptionId=240f8e3234, topicName=HER2阳性)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=8409354, createdName=闆锋旦, createdTime=Thu Apr 28 01:10:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-28, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-08-02 1dd8c52fm63(暂无匿称)

    学习啦!

    0

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