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AJRCCM:PiZZ纯合子相关肺疾病患者常伴有慢性肝脏疾病

2013-07-09 sd3212 dxy

α1-抗胰蛋白酶缺乏症是人类最常见的遗传性疾病之一,该病患者容易出现肝脏和肺脏损害,其在基因表型表达方面的显著异质性,在文献中也已有很好的记载,但对于那些以肺部病变为主要表现的该病患者而言,其慢性肝病的患病率、严重程度、及其与肺部病变的相互关系等,则很少为人所知。为了明确在PiZZ纯合子相关肺疾病患者中,严重的肝纤维化、以及肝硬化的发生率及其危险因素,来自英国剑桥Addenbrooke医院组织病理

α1-抗胰蛋白酶缺乏症是人类最常见的遗传性疾病之一,该病患者容易出现肝脏和肺脏损害,其在基因表型表达方面的显著异质性,在文献中也已有很好的记载,但对于那些以肺部病变为主要表现的该病患者而言,其慢性肝病的患病率、严重程度、及其与肺部病变的相互关系等,则很少为人所知。

为了明确在PiZZ纯合子相关肺疾病患者中,严重的肝纤维化、以及肝硬化的发生率及其危险因素,来自英国剑桥Addenbrooke医院组织病理科肝病室的Muhammad F. Dawwas及其同事开展了一项研究,研究结果发表于2013年3月1日出版的《美国呼吸与危重症医学》(Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med)杂志上。该研究结果显示:在PiZZ纯合子相关肺疾病患者中,有重要意义的慢性肝脏疾病比较常见,而通过常规肝功能试验、血小板计数、以及肝脏超声检查等方法的综合运用,可以对其进行有效的筛查。

该研究是一个前瞻性、临床队列研究,其研究对象主要为:在一家第三级转诊的呼吸科门诊就诊的57例患者,且这些患者均为诊断明确的PiZZ纯合子成年人。研究者对这些患者进行了与慢性肝病相关的临床、实验室、以及影像学方面的筛查,并适时对其慢性肝脏疾病的组织学证据进行了筛查。

该研究的主要结果为:在57例研究对象中,共有36例(63.2%)具有提示其患有肝脏疾病的病史或临床表现;或有≥1项以上的肝功能异常、或肝脏超声检查异常,并有24例进行了肝活检。研究共发现10例(17.5%)患者存在严重肝纤维化或肝硬化的证据,而且这些患者更倾向具有较高的身体质量指数(P = 0.04)、更高的丙氨酸转氨酶(P = 0.0001)、碱性磷酸酶水平(P = 0.0009)、更长的凝血酶原时间(P = 0.0005)、以及更大的最大肺活量(Vcmax)(P = 0.04);同时,这10例患者的血小板计数较低(P = 0.007);B超显示肝脏回声异常较多(P<0.001);且脾肿大较常见(P = 0.001)。研究发现,使用肝脏超声检查对此类严重肝纤维化或肝硬化进行筛查,其诊断的敏感性和阴性预测值均可达到100%;而使用血小板计数≤174000/立方毫米、以及脾肿大等指标对此类患者进行筛查时,其诊断的特异性和阳性预测值也可达到100%。在进行了肝活检的研究对象中,其肝纤维化分期与患者增大的最大肺活量(Vcmax)(P= 0.02)、以及最大肺活量占预计值百分比(% Vcmax)相关(P = 0.05);并与降低的残余气量/肺总量(TLC)(P = 0.02)、以及残余气量/肺总量占预计值的百分比相关(P = 0.05)。

该研究结果显示:在PiZZ纯合子相关肺疾病患者中,有重要意义的慢性肝脏疾病比较常见,而通过常规肝功能试验、血小板计数、以及肝脏超声检查等方法的综合运用,可以对其进行有效的筛查。


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    2014-04-20 isabellayj
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