JCEM：激素Adropin低水平或增加肥胖和2型糖尿病风险

佛罗里达州校园斯克里普斯研究所科学家首次证明某个特定激素的低水平与人类代谢性疾病风险增加有着联系。这项最新研究发表在Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism杂志上，该研究关注于激素Adropin，主要领导者为斯克里普斯研究所副教授Andrew Butler实验室。激素Adropin被认为在调节血糖水平和脂肪酸代谢中发挥了重要作用。

Adropin是2008年由Kumar等在研究下丘脑性肥胖小鼠肝脏基因表达时发现的一种由76个氨基酸构成的分泌性蛋白，它由能量动态平衡相关基因（Enho）编码，后者在肝脏、脑部、脐静脉和冠状动脉内皮细胞都有表达。

加州大学戴维斯分校分子生物科学和营养学教授Butler说，本临床研究结果表明，Adropin低水平可能是肥胖和胰岛素抵抗以及2型糖尿病相关的代谢性疾病风险的增加一个危险因素。

根据美国心脏病学院称：约47万美国成年人患有代谢综合症。国家卫生研究院定义代谢综合征是肥胖和胰岛素抵抗、冠心病、中风、2型糖尿病风险增加的危险因素。在新的研究中，涉及85名妇女和45名男性，Butler和他的同事们研究表明，肥胖与较低水平的Adropin有关。低水平的Adropin与“代谢综合征的危险因素”得分更高呈正相关，该分数来自测量甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白（HDL）、血糖、血压、腰围。

科学家还观察到病态肥胖患者胃绕道手术三个月及六个月后循环Adropin浓度显著增加。有趣的是，在手术后12个月Adropin返回到手术前的水平。这项新研究的另一个惊人的发现是，在体重正常的人中，妇女血浆Adropin水平比男性低。Butler认为这些研究中的数据提供了强有力的证据表明，低水平的Adropin可能是一个为胰岛素抵抗，肥胖、代谢性疾病包括2型糖尿病的风险增加的风险指标。这些研究表明，额外补充Adropin的疗法可能有助于对抗肥胖和代谢性疾病的可能性。

编译自：Link Between Hormone Levels and Risk for Metabolic Disease Uncovered

doi:10.1210/jc.2012-2194
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Low Circulating Adropin Concentrations with Obesity and Aging Correlate with Risk Factors for Metabolic Disease and Increase after Gastric Bypass Surgery in Humans

Andrew A. Butler, Charmaine S. Tam, Kimber L. Stanhope, Bruce M. Wolfe, Mohamed R. Ali, Majella O’Keeffe, Marie-Pierre St-Onge, Eric Ravussin and Peter J. Havel.

Context:Mouse studies suggest that adropin, a peptide hormone, is required for metabolic homeostasis and prevention of obesity-associated insulin resistance. Whether obesity and insulin resistance are associated with low plasma adropin levels in humans is not known.Objectives:Our objective was to investigate the hypothesis that obesity and indicators of insulin resistance are associated with low adropin levels and determine whether weight loss regulates adropin levels.Design and Participants:Plasma was obtained from 85 female [age 21-67 yr, body mass index (BMI) 19.4-71.5 kg/m(2)] and 45 male (age 18-70 yr, BMI 19.1-62.6 kg/m(2)) volunteers for other clinical studies. The impact of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass was investigated in 19 obese females (BMI 37-65 kg/m(2)) using samples collected at baseline and 1-12 months after surgery.Results:Adropin levels correlate negatively with BMI (r = -0.335, P < 0.001) and age (r = -0.263, P=0.003). Age-adjusted adropin levels are higher in males [4.1 ng/ml; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 3.6-4.6 ng/ml] than females (3.0 ng/ml; 95% CI = 2.6-3.4 ng/ml) (P = 0.001). In all subjects, lower age-adjusted adropin levels were observed in overweight (3.3 ng/ml; 95% CI = 2.8-3.8 ng/ml, P = 0.033) and obese (2.7 ng/ml; 95% CI = 2.1-3.3 ng/ml, P = 0.001) compared with healthy-weight subjects (4.1 ng/ml; 95% CI = 3.6-4.5 ng/ml). This effect was gender specific (weight category × gender, P < 0.001) and was observed in males only. Aging and diagnosis with two or more metabolic syndrome risk factors was associated with low adropin levels, irrespective of sex. Adropin concentrations increased after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, peaking 3 months after surgery (P < 0.01).Conclusions:Although males exhibit higher adropin levels that are reduced by obesity, aging and markers of insulin resistance are associated with low plasma adropin irrespective of sex.