Baidu
map

有六种病真会通过食物传播--不包含乙肝、艾滋病!

2016-07-30 佚名 人民网

日前,国家卫计委官网发布《有碍食品安全的疾病目录》,明确划定有六种传染病的确可能通过食物传播,分别是:霍乱、细菌性和阿米巴性痢疾、伤寒和副伤寒、病毒性肝炎(甲型、戊型)、活动性肺结核、化脓性或者渗出性皮肤病。而传言中常出现的乙肝、艾滋病则不在食物传播之列!这些病都属于消化系传染病为什么这六种病会通过食物传播呢?武汉协和医院感染病科副主任医师陈晓蓓介绍,这六种疾病都属于消化系统传染病,也就是说此类疾

日前,国家卫计委官网发布《有碍食品安全的疾病目录》,明确划定有六种传染病的确可能通过食物传播,分别是:霍乱、细菌性和阿米巴性痢疾、伤寒和副伤寒、病毒性肝炎(甲型、戊型)、活动性肺结核、化脓性或者渗出性皮肤病。而传言中常出现的乙肝、艾滋病则不在食物传播之列!


这些病都属于消化系传染病


为什么这六种病会通过食物传播呢?武汉协和医院感染病科副主任医师陈晓蓓介绍,这六种疾病都属于消化系统传染病,也就是说此类疾病患者接触直接入口食品时,可能污染食品,其他人再接触这些食物,比如直接吃传染病患者吃过或接触过的食物,就可能被传染!


以伤寒为例,美国历史上就出现过“伤寒玛丽”事件。事件的主角是一个烹饪手艺绝佳的女佣,但由于体内携带伤寒杆菌,她在相继感染了7家住户的二十多号人之后,最终被隔离在一个名为“北兄弟岛”的小岛上直至离世。可想而知,如果一个本身就患有这六种传染病的人,不经任何干预和管理就参与了食品制作环节,Ta给顾客带去的不仅是美味,还有无数致病细菌和随时感染的风险。


感染这六种疾病后,除了常见的腹泻、腹痛、恶心、呕吐等消化道症状,还可见发热、全身不适等症状体征(如伤寒/副伤寒、病毒性肝炎)。另外,甲型/戊型病毒性肝炎常见黄疸。活动性肺结核病人常有咳嗽、咳痰2周以上,痰中带血、低烧、胸痛等症状。化脓性或渗出性皮肤病主要为皮肤上疖子或化脓性、渗出性病灶,并可反复感染。


乙肝和艾滋病不会通过食物传播


值得注意的是,多少年来传言的乙肝和艾滋病毒并不在通过食物传播之列,虽然艾滋病和乙肝都属于危害较大的传染性疾病,其传播途径并不包括经食物传播。


艾滋病的传播途径主要有:性接触传播、血液传播和母婴传播。乙肝的传播途径主要有:血液传播、母婴传播和性接触传播。日常工作或生活接触,如握手、拥抱、共同就餐等无血液暴露的行为,不会传播上述疾病。?


加热消毒很有必要


正因为这六种疾病,有可能通过食物传染给其他人。为此国家明确划定,有这些疾病的人不能从事食品生产和加工。一旦怀疑食品从业人员,怀疑患有类似疾病时,应立即停止从事食品相关行业,并到正规医疗机构进行诊断和治疗。


对于普通人来说,如果家中有人感染这六种疾病,最好分开饮食,同时个人的餐具严格消毒。 加热消毒是老百姓最常用的杀菌方法。很多主妇每隔一段时间都会把家里的碗筷抹布放在锅里煮上十几二十分钟,虽然方法古板了些,但真的有效。


“病菌一般加热到100°,5到10分钟都能消灭病菌。”陈晓蓓介绍,这是由于高温使得病毒囊膜的蛋白质变性,核酸水解,让病毒失去侵染宿主的能力,比如伤寒杆菌在自然界中生命力顽强(水中可存活2~3周,在粪便中能维持1~2个月,耐低温,在冰冻环境中可存活数月),但只要把它们加热到100°就会立即死亡。因此,每隔一段时间,用高温蒸煮的方法消毒一下餐具,对预防这类消化系统疾病有利无弊。

版权声明:
本网站所有内容来源注明为“梅斯医学”或“MedSci原创”的文字、图片和音视频资料,版权均属于梅斯医学所有。非经授权,任何媒体、网站或个人不得转载,授权转载时须注明来源为“梅斯医学”。其它来源的文章系转载文章,或“梅斯号”自媒体发布的文章,仅系出于传递更多信息之目的,本站仅负责审核内容合规,其内容不代表本站立场,本站不负责内容的准确性和版权。如果存在侵权、或不希望被转载的媒体或个人可与我们联系,我们将立即进行删除处理。
在此留言
评论区 (5)
#插入话题
  1. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=141704, encodeId=6704141e040b, content=文章很棒,继续学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=80, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzdAIB7UwTkHt6fQkBP8ictliaXtc5gCUmYdAW1sAETC2nhO3q6YjRHkUibyOCtP8ibmXNObTyd63A076/0, createdBy=d4111948983, createdName=1e10c84am36(暂无匿称), createdTime=Sat Oct 08 08:24:57 CST 2016, time=2016-10-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=95787, encodeId=2ffb95e870d, content=好好学习一下, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=85, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=45101626056, createdName=忠诚向上, createdTime=Wed Aug 03 22:14:00 CST 2016, time=2016-08-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1416724, encodeId=24441416e246b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=27c710101804' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#食物#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=48, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=101018, encryptionId=27c710101804, topicName=食物)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=e3a33221853, createdName=yhy100201, createdTime=Mon Aug 01 05:06:00 CST 2016, time=2016-08-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=95322, encodeId=e7ca95322b5, content=夏天来了,各种肠道传染病都来了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=92, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=b09f1636586, createdName=onetree, createdTime=Sun Jul 31 13:26:00 CST 2016, time=2016-07-31, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=95323, encodeId=d10f95323e2, content=各种拉肚子!各种拉肚子, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=84, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=b09f1636586, createdName=onetree, createdTime=Sun Jul 31 13:26:00 CST 2016, time=2016-07-31, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-10-08 1e10c84am36(暂无匿称)

    文章很棒,继续学习

    0

  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=141704, encodeId=6704141e040b, content=文章很棒,继续学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=80, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzdAIB7UwTkHt6fQkBP8ictliaXtc5gCUmYdAW1sAETC2nhO3q6YjRHkUibyOCtP8ibmXNObTyd63A076/0, createdBy=d4111948983, createdName=1e10c84am36(暂无匿称), createdTime=Sat Oct 08 08:24:57 CST 2016, time=2016-10-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=95787, encodeId=2ffb95e870d, content=好好学习一下, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=85, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=45101626056, createdName=忠诚向上, createdTime=Wed Aug 03 22:14:00 CST 2016, time=2016-08-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1416724, encodeId=24441416e246b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=27c710101804' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#食物#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=48, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=101018, encryptionId=27c710101804, topicName=食物)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=e3a33221853, createdName=yhy100201, createdTime=Mon Aug 01 05:06:00 CST 2016, time=2016-08-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=95322, encodeId=e7ca95322b5, content=夏天来了,各种肠道传染病都来了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=92, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=b09f1636586, createdName=onetree, createdTime=Sun Jul 31 13:26:00 CST 2016, time=2016-07-31, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=95323, encodeId=d10f95323e2, content=各种拉肚子!各种拉肚子, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=84, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=b09f1636586, createdName=onetree, createdTime=Sun Jul 31 13:26:00 CST 2016, time=2016-07-31, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-08-03 忠诚向上

    好好学习一下

    0

  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=141704, encodeId=6704141e040b, content=文章很棒,继续学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=80, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzdAIB7UwTkHt6fQkBP8ictliaXtc5gCUmYdAW1sAETC2nhO3q6YjRHkUibyOCtP8ibmXNObTyd63A076/0, createdBy=d4111948983, createdName=1e10c84am36(暂无匿称), createdTime=Sat Oct 08 08:24:57 CST 2016, time=2016-10-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=95787, encodeId=2ffb95e870d, content=好好学习一下, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=85, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=45101626056, createdName=忠诚向上, createdTime=Wed Aug 03 22:14:00 CST 2016, time=2016-08-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1416724, encodeId=24441416e246b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=27c710101804' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#食物#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=48, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=101018, encryptionId=27c710101804, topicName=食物)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=e3a33221853, createdName=yhy100201, createdTime=Mon Aug 01 05:06:00 CST 2016, time=2016-08-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=95322, encodeId=e7ca95322b5, content=夏天来了,各种肠道传染病都来了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=92, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=b09f1636586, createdName=onetree, createdTime=Sun Jul 31 13:26:00 CST 2016, time=2016-07-31, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=95323, encodeId=d10f95323e2, content=各种拉肚子!各种拉肚子, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=84, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=b09f1636586, createdName=onetree, createdTime=Sun Jul 31 13:26:00 CST 2016, time=2016-07-31, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-08-01 yhy100201
  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=141704, encodeId=6704141e040b, content=文章很棒,继续学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=80, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzdAIB7UwTkHt6fQkBP8ictliaXtc5gCUmYdAW1sAETC2nhO3q6YjRHkUibyOCtP8ibmXNObTyd63A076/0, createdBy=d4111948983, createdName=1e10c84am36(暂无匿称), createdTime=Sat Oct 08 08:24:57 CST 2016, time=2016-10-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=95787, encodeId=2ffb95e870d, content=好好学习一下, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=85, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=45101626056, createdName=忠诚向上, createdTime=Wed Aug 03 22:14:00 CST 2016, time=2016-08-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1416724, encodeId=24441416e246b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=27c710101804' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#食物#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=48, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=101018, encryptionId=27c710101804, topicName=食物)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=e3a33221853, createdName=yhy100201, createdTime=Mon Aug 01 05:06:00 CST 2016, time=2016-08-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=95322, encodeId=e7ca95322b5, content=夏天来了,各种肠道传染病都来了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=92, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=b09f1636586, createdName=onetree, createdTime=Sun Jul 31 13:26:00 CST 2016, time=2016-07-31, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=95323, encodeId=d10f95323e2, content=各种拉肚子!各种拉肚子, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=84, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=b09f1636586, createdName=onetree, createdTime=Sun Jul 31 13:26:00 CST 2016, time=2016-07-31, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-07-31 onetree

    夏天来了,各种肠道传染病都来了

    0

  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=141704, encodeId=6704141e040b, content=文章很棒,继续学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=80, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzdAIB7UwTkHt6fQkBP8ictliaXtc5gCUmYdAW1sAETC2nhO3q6YjRHkUibyOCtP8ibmXNObTyd63A076/0, createdBy=d4111948983, createdName=1e10c84am36(暂无匿称), createdTime=Sat Oct 08 08:24:57 CST 2016, time=2016-10-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=95787, encodeId=2ffb95e870d, content=好好学习一下, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=85, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=45101626056, createdName=忠诚向上, createdTime=Wed Aug 03 22:14:00 CST 2016, time=2016-08-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1416724, encodeId=24441416e246b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=27c710101804' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#食物#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=48, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=101018, encryptionId=27c710101804, topicName=食物)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=e3a33221853, createdName=yhy100201, createdTime=Mon Aug 01 05:06:00 CST 2016, time=2016-08-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=95322, encodeId=e7ca95322b5, content=夏天来了,各种肠道传染病都来了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=92, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=b09f1636586, createdName=onetree, createdTime=Sun Jul 31 13:26:00 CST 2016, time=2016-07-31, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=95323, encodeId=d10f95323e2, content=各种拉肚子!各种拉肚子, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=84, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=b09f1636586, createdName=onetree, createdTime=Sun Jul 31 13:26:00 CST 2016, time=2016-07-31, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-07-31 onetree

    各种拉肚子!各种拉肚子

    0

相关资讯

我国丙肝防治多方面落后于乙肝

“我国丙肝防治在认知率、诊断率、治疗率以及药物可及性、可负担性等多方面都落后于乙肝。消除丙肝应以疾病教育为根本,同时从治疗突破,让患者在实现治愈的同时获益于生命质量的提升。”中国工程院院士、北京大学医学部庄辉教授在7月26日由吴阶平医学基金会、百时美施贵宝等共同举办的“世界肝炎日座谈会”上表示。7月28日是第六个世界肝炎日,今年世界肝炎日的主题是“同心协力,消除丙肝”。 世界卫生组织驻华代

首轮国家药价谈判开启 乙肝药试点降幅很大

从5月20日开始,首都医科大学附属北京佑安医院的慢性乙肝病人就开始了比过去几年更煎熬的漫长等待。这一天,国家药品价格谈判试点工作的首轮结果公布。其中,乙肝病人急需的韦瑞德药物(替诺福韦酯)在通过“国家谈判”试点获得降价后,降价幅度在67%,是此轮试点降价幅度最大的一款药物。此前,韦瑞德的月均药品费用在1500元。中国目前每年用于乙肝治疗的总费用超过1000亿,已成为全球最大的乙肝药物市场。非小

前沿 | 中国专家成功阻断乙肝母婴传播

如何让宝宝远离乙肝(HBV)?近日,首都医科大学附属的北京佑安医院妇幼中心名誉主任潘启安教授领衔的中国科研团队发现,高乙肝病毒载量的孕妇在服用抗病毒药物“替诺福韦”(TDF, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate)后,能大幅降低乙肝母婴传播风险。经治后,婴儿从母亲处感染乙肝的风险能降至5%,甚至0%。 乙肝母婴传播是指,患乙型肝炎或无症状的乙肝表面抗原(HBsAg)孕妇携

NAT COMMUN:中国科学家发现新的抗乙肝病毒基因

解放军军事医学科学院放射与辐射医学研究所周钢桥研究员团队牵头联合国内多家科研机构,从遗传学、病毒学、功能和分子机制等多个角度,首次发现一种“整合因子复合体”基因INTS10可激活人体先天性免疫功能,发挥抑制乙肝病毒复制的作用。这一研究成果揭示了“整合因子复合体”具有此前从未被发现的抑制病原微生物感染的新作用,为其研究开辟了新的方向。同时,有助于深入了解乙肝病毒慢性感染的分子机制,为有效防治提供了理

NEJM:替诺福韦可预防高病毒载量孕妇乙型肝炎传播

目前关于孕期使用替诺福韦酯(TDF)预防乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)母婴传播的数据几乎没有。因此有研究者对200名乙型肝炎病毒e抗原(HBeAg)阳性和HBV DNA水平高于200,000 IU/ml的孕妇进行了一项研究。参与者按1:1随机分为接受常规的无抗病毒治疗的护理或TDF(每天口服300 mg),从妊娠32-34周直到产后4周。对参与者随访直产后28周。所有的婴儿接受免疫预防。主要结果是母婴传播

NEJM:替诺福韦能有效阻断乙肝母婴间垂直感染

北京佑安医院妇幼中心名誉主任潘启安及副院长段钟平带领科研团队,日前揭示出阻断乙肝的关键一步,为众多乙肝妈妈孕育健康宝宝,阻断母婴传播途径找到最终答案。该研究的论文《替诺福韦预防高病毒载量的乙肝孕妇传播乙肝》,于6月16日刊登在国际顶级医学杂志《新英格兰医学杂志》上,影响因子高达56。 “乙肝目前还不能治愈,而且,抗病毒治疗后仍会存在肝癌风险。”潘启安指出,儿童感染乙肝最常见于母婴传播,如

Baidu
map
Baidu
map
Baidu
map