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Cell:天津医大学者证实骨髓免疫可能是多发性硬化症的关键

2022-06-16 国家神经疾病临床医学研究中心 国家神经疾病临床医学研究中心

通过再平衡骨髓造血系统,回归免疫系统稳态,减轻神经系统炎症损伤。

天津医科大学以第一单位在Cell发文,总医院刘强教授团队重大科学发现!骨髓免疫将成为多发性硬化治疗的新靶标,研究成果在科学杂志顶刊Cell发表。

多发性硬化(Multiple sclerosis, MS)是中枢神经系统自身免疫性脱髓鞘疾病和在全球引起青壮年残疾的最重要病因。T 淋巴细胞主导的自身免疫反应攻击髓鞘,累及视神经、脊髓、脑干、脑室周围白质等部位,导致视力异常、肢体运动障碍和共济失调等临床症状。MS的核心机制源于T 淋巴细胞失去自身免疫耐受。但是,其触发因素,部位,以及如何维系自身反应性和驱动疾病进展的机制,至今仍不清楚。因此,当前没有治愈MS的疗法,控制疾病进展的药物疗效也非常有限。

多发性硬化患者发病机制研究既往局限于来源于外周血和脑脊液的自身反应性T细胞。骨髓作为成人主要的造血器官,也是成人T细胞发育的中枢免疫器官,对启动和维持机体免疫应答具有核心作用。然而迄今还不知道,骨髓在自身免疫反应的起源与演变中具有哪些作用,对MS疾病进展又有什么影响?

2022年6月15日,天津医科大学总医院神经内科刘强教授课题组在Cell 杂志发表了题为“Bone marrow hematopoiesis drives multiple sclerosis progression”的论文。

课题组使用单细胞测序、谱系分析和流式细胞术,发现MS患者骨髓造血系统上游的造血干细胞(Hematopoietic stem cell, HSC)发生活化,进而向髓系偏倚,造成下游单核细胞和中性粒细胞明显增加。

为了评估髓系增生对自身反应性T细胞的作用,课题组使用TCR测序发现,MS患者骨髓内的T细胞克隆数量和多样性明显增加。

论文链接:

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2022.05.020

在最新这项研究中,为了探讨MS患者骨髓发生髓系增生的原因,课题组通过蛋白质组发现神经抗原特异性T细胞由趋化因子CXCL12引导下大量归巢至骨髓。Nano-string RNA测序显示,神经抗原特异性T细胞到达骨髓后高表达CCL5,引起髓系增生。为了解析异常髓系增生对中枢神经系统的作用,课题组使用谱系示踪技术描绘了MS小鼠模型骨髓新生细胞的命运图谱,发现骨髓新生的髓系细胞在骨髓和脑内扩增神经抗原特异性T细胞,加速脑和脊髓内脱髓鞘损伤。这些发现表明,骨髓异常髓系增生驱动多发性硬化进展(图1)。

图1.骨髓造血驱动多发性硬化(MS)进展的模式图。MS患者的自身免疫性T细胞在趋化因子CXCL12的引导下向骨髓聚集。自身免疫性T细胞在骨髓内高表达CCL5引起骨髓造血干细胞(HSCs)和下游髓系祖细胞(CMP,GMP)活化增殖,从而产生大量单核细胞和中性粒细胞。这些骨髓造血系统发生的异常髓系增生,驱动T细胞自身免疫反应和神经系统炎性损伤。作者供图。

在这些新发现的基础上,课题组提出了“通过再平衡骨髓造血系统,回归免疫系统稳态,减轻神经系统炎症损伤”的新理论。近期,课题组主持开展了基于“骨髓免疫调节”理论新疗法的多中心临床研究(NIH临床试验登记号:NCT05154734,NCT05369351),践行了”临床问题-基础研究-临床转化“的医学研究范式,有可能开辟治疗MS和相关神经免疫疾病如视神经脊髓炎的新途径。

图2. 刘强近年在神经免疫领域的代表性研究成果。

刘强课题组基于神经炎症是多种重大脑疾病的共性机制,从基础到临床系统研究了免疫系统在脑卒中、多发性硬化和脑衰老等不同类型脑疾病中的病理作用,及其临床免疫干预手段(图2)。这些系列研究成果在脑疾病诊断治疗中,具有广阔的应用前景。

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    2022-09-07 维他命
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    2022-10-16 jml2009
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该研究发现,多发性硬化症患者骨髓内的 T 细胞克隆数量和多样性明显增加。 

JNNP:多发性硬化发病时,患者的年龄在往后推移

多发性硬化症(MS)的发病年龄从儿童期一直到成年期,尽管大多数患者在20-30岁时首次出现脱髓鞘事件。MS早发,也称为儿科或青少年MS,定义为16-18岁之前发生第一次临床脱髓鞘事件,约占所有MS病例

JNNP:性别对多发性硬化症患者疾病发展的影响

多发性硬化症(MS)是一种中枢神经系统免疫性疾病,主要影响女性,该疾病的特点是局部白质炎症发作,引起神经症状,并有缓解的趋势,在疾病后期,慢性炎症引起的进行性症状也涉及灰质。该疾病的严重程度范围很广,

JNNP:生酮饮食治疗复发性多发性硬化症的II期研究,安全性、耐受性和潜在临床益处

多发性硬化(MS)受遗传和环境因素的影响。饮食摄入影响免疫状况和功能,包括宿主免疫系统的发育、对病原体的保护和免疫反应的维持。因此,研究人员将饮食调整作为影响免疫介导疾病(如MS)的一种方式。生酮饮食

JAMA Network Open:吸烟饮酒与多发性硬化有关

高酒精摄入量与视网膜特征相关,表明有更严重的神经退行性变,而吸烟与被诊断为多发性硬化症的更高几率相关。

European Radiology:钆基造影剂对多发性硬化症患者脑萎缩自动测量的影响

在过去三十年里,GBCA的使用不断增加。然而,这些数据对脑萎缩测量的价值取决于我们在自动图像分析中正确解释这些数据的能力。

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